7.1.3.1 Independent Groups

• Why is random allocation important in independent groups design?

  It ensures similar starting points for participants
• What is a key characteristic of independent groups design regarding participant assignment?

  Each participant is assigned to only one group
• What does "no repetition" mean in independent groups design?

  Participants do not repeat the conditions of the experiment
• How does the Independent Groups Design prevent practice effects in experiments?

  Participants only experience one condition
• How do individual differences impact Independent Groups Design?

  They can skew the outcomes of the study
• What is one disadvantage of Independent Groups Design?

  Individual differences can affect the results
• Why is a larger sample size required in Independent Groups Design?

  Each group experiences only one condition
• What is the common significance level set for statistical tests?

  0.05
• What does a p-value below 0.05 indicate?

  Statistical significance
• What does a p-value less than 0.05 in ANOVA indicate?

  There is a significant difference among groups
• What does effect size measure in statistical analysis?

  The strength of the difference
• What are the three experimental designs compared in the study material?

  Independent Groups, Repeated Measures, Matched Pairs
• Why are participants randomly allocated in Independent Groups Design?

  To ensure the groups are similar
• How does the need for a larger sample size affect the reliability of results in Independent Groups Design?

  It helps achieve more reliable results
• How does Independent Groups Design compare to other designs regarding participant conditions?

  Each participant only experiences one condition
• How does random allocation affect the validity of an experiment using Independent Groups Design?

  It enhances the validity by reducing bias
• What does the silent group do in the experiment?

  They learn the same words in silence
• What is the design being described in the advantages section?

  Independent Groups Design
• How are results used in independent groups design?

  Results from each group are compared to draw conclusions
• What does the music group do in the experiment?

  They learn words while listening to music
• What is the second disadvantage of Independent Groups Design?

  A larger sample size is needed
• Why might random allocation not eliminate individual differences in Independent Groups Design?

  Some differences may still exist among participants
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of Repeated Measures design?

  Advantages:

  • No individual differences
  • Smaller sample needed

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Order effects (practice, fatigue)
• What design involves two groups of participants in an experiment?

  Independent Groups Design
• What are the procedures for each experimental design?

  • Independent Groups: Separate groups for each condition, random allocation
  • Repeated Measures: Each participant does all conditions
  • Matched Pairs: Pairs matched on key traits, each assigned to different condition
• In the music learning experiment, what are the two groups participants are allocated to?

  Music group and silent group
• Why do researchers use Independent Groups Design?

  To prevent participants from experiencing multiple conditions
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of Matched Pairs design?

  Advantages:

  • Reduces individual differences
  • Smaller sample can be reliable

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Hard to match pairs perfectly
  • Time-consuming
• What is a potential advantage of using Independent Groups Design in research?

  It eliminates order effects in treatment comparisons
• How does random allocation benefit Independent Groups Design?

  It minimizes the impact of individual differences
• How does random allocation benefit Independent Groups design?

  It ensures groups are similar
• What statistical test is used when comparing means of three or more groups?

  ANOVA
• What statistical test is used for comparing the means of two groups?

  t-test
• What does ANOVA tell you about group means?

  If there's any difference among the group means
• Why is there no need to worry about order effects in the Independent Groups Design?

  No participant repeats the condition
• Why is Independent Groups design ideal for avoiding order effects?

  It uses separate groups for each condition
• What is the Independent Groups Design in experiments?

  Each participant takes part in one condition
• What is the purpose of random allocation in an experiment?

  To ensure both groups are similar at the start
• What is Independent Groups Design used for in research?

  To compare different treatment methods or teaching strategies
• Why is convenience considered an advantage of the Independent Groups Design?

  It's simpler to manage different groups