UK in the 21st Century

• How often does the UK government hold a census?

  Every 10 years
• What information do families provide in the census?

  Details about household members and demographics
• Why is the census important for the government?

  It helps plan funding and resource allocation
• When will the 2021 census results be fully available?

  In 2023
• What was the main source of population growth in the UK from 2001 to 2011?

  Migration from India, Pakistan, and Poland
• Which country had the most immigrants to the UK between 2001 and 2011?

  Poland
• How does immigration relate to birth rates in the UK?

  Many immigrants are of childbearing age
• What demographic change is occurring in the UK population?

  Increase in elderly population
• How does the government use census information?

  To allocate funding for various demographics
• What is the demographic transition model?

  • A graph showing population change over time
  • Key terms: birth rate and death rate
  • Stages indicate changes in population dynamics
• What is the birth rate?

  Number of babies born per 1000 people
• What is the death rate?

  Number of deaths per 1000 people
• Why did the death rate decrease over time?

  Due to advances in medical knowledge and hygiene
• How did the birth rate change during the industrial revolution?

  It fell as the need for large families decreased
• What stage is the UK currently in the demographic transition model?

  Stage 4 with low birth and death rates
• What characterizes the population structure of the UK?

  Middle-aged to elderly population predominates
• How is the population structure represented?

  • Using a population pyramid
  • Males on one side, females on the other
  • Age groups represented vertically
• What trend was observed in the UK population pyramid between 2001 and 2011?

  Increase in people in their 40s and 50s
• What is the average life expectancy for men and women in the UK?

  79 for men, 83 for women
• Why do women generally live longer than men?

  Men often have more physically demanding jobs
• Where is there a higher proportion of elderly people in the UK?

  In the countryside compared to cities
• What are some causes of an aging population?

  More healthcare professionals and better living standards
• What are the effects of an aging population?

  Benefits:

  • Elderly volunteer and support the economy
  • Valued employees with experience

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Financial strain on healthcare and pensions
  • Fewer taxpayers supporting the economy
• What measures is the government taking regarding the aging population?

  Encouraging longer working lives and immigration
• What is the current population of London?

  8.6 million
• What demographic characteristic distinguishes London from the rest of the UK?

  Higher percentage of people aged 20 to 40
• What percentage of London's population was born abroad in 2011?

  38%
• How did London's ethnic diversity change between 2001 and 2011?

  Majority of residents shifted from white British
• What drives the growth of London's population?

  • Natural increase rather than migration
  • Young immigrants starting families
  • Economic opportunities attracting workers
• What does the economy refer to?

  The process of producing, selling, and buying
• What is economic growth?

  A country becoming more wealthy
• What does employment structure mean?

  The number of people in different jobs
• How can jobs be classified?

  Into four main sections: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
• How has the employment structure in the UK changed since the 1800s?

  Primary industry declined, tertiary increased
• What happened to primary industry in the UK over time?

  It has significantly declined
• Why has agriculture in the UK decreased?

  Food is imported from other countries
• What caused the decline in secondary industry?

  Mechanization and cheaper imports
• Why has the tertiary industry increased?

  Growing demand for services in cities
• What has happened to working hours in the UK since 2001?

  People are working fewer hours
• How has the number of full-time working mothers changed?

  More mothers are in full-time work