Open vs closed systems

• What is the large cavity called where haemolymph flows in an open circulatory system?

  Haemocoel
• What is a closed circulatory system?

  A system that keeps blood in vessels
• What role does the heart play in a closed circulatory system?

  The heart pumps blood through the vessels
• What is the function of veins in a closed circulatory system?

  Return blood to the heart
• What is the function of the haemocoel in an open circulatory system?

  It allows haemolymph to bathe organs and tissues
• What is the advantage of a closed circulatory system compared to an open one?

  Faster and more efficient nutrient delivery
• What are the key components of a closed circulatory system?

  • Blood contained within vessels
  • Types of vessels: arteries, veins, capillaries
  • Heart pumps blood through vessels
  • Controlled and directed blood flow
  • Faster nutrient and oxygen delivery
• What are the main components of the closed circulatory system?

  • Artery
  • Body cells
  • Heart
  • Valve
• What is the name of the valve shown in the open circulatory system?

  Ostia Valve
• How does blood travel in a closed circulatory system?

  It is pumped by the heart through vessels
• What is the function of arteries in a closed circulatory system?

  Carry blood away from the heart
• In which type of circulatory system would you expect to find a grasshopper?

  Open circulatory system
• What are the main components of the open circulatory system?

  • Artery
  • Body cells
  • Ostia Valve
• What is the fluid path in an open system?

  Heart → haemocoel → vessels → heart
• How does the function of the heart differ between the open and closed circulatory systems?

  In the closed system, the heart pumps blood through vessels, while in the open system it does not
• What is the fluid called in an open circulatory system?

  Haemolymph
• What does the direct contact of haemolymph with organs facilitate?

  Exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products
• What is an open circulatory system?

  A system where blood isn't always in vessels
• What does a closed circulatory system allow for in terms of oxygen delivery?

  More efficient oxygen delivery to the body
• How does an open circulatory system differ from a closed circulatory system?

  Blood is not always in vessels in open systems
• What is the cavity called where haemolymph bathes the organs?

  Haemocoel
• What types of vessels are involved in a closed circulatory system?

  Arteries, veins, and capillaries
• How does nutrient and oxygen delivery in a closed circulatory system compare to open systems?

  Generally faster and more efficient
• What is the advantage of a closed-loop system in circulation?

  Allows for controlled and directed blood flow
• How is haemolymph circulated in an open circulatory system?

  It is pumped by a heart or hearts
• What are the key components of an open circulatory system?

  • Circulating fluid: haemolymph
  • Pumping mechanism: heart or hearts
  • Central body cavity: haemocoel
  • Direct contact with organs for nutrient and gas exchange
• What role do capillaries play in a closed circulatory system?

  Facilitate exchange of substances
• If the C:N ratio of the plant is outside the C:Nrange, how would that affect the plant's growth?

  The plant's growth would be suboptimal
• Where is haemolymph pumped in an open circulatory system?

  Into the haemocoel
• What are the key differences between open and closed circulatory systems regarding pressure?

  • Open System:
  • Pressure Level: Low
  • Consistency: Fluctuating
  • Reason: Haemolymph isn't confined to vessels
  • Impact: Slower flow, less efficient delivery
  • Closed System:
  • Pressure Level: High
  • Consistency: Relatively stable
  • Reason: Blood is contained in vessels
  • Impact: Faster flow, more efficient delivery
• Why is the pressure in closed systems high?

  Blood is contained in vessels
• How does the location and function of the brain (encephalon) in the image relate to the other organ systems shown?

  The brain coordinates and integrates the functions of the other organ systems
• What are the names of the organ systems labeled in the image?

  • Kidney (Excretory system)
  • Ovary (Reproductive system)
  • Small intestine (Digestive system)
  • Encephalon (Brain) (Nervous system)
  • Hypothysis (Endocrine system)
  • Lungs (Respiratory system)
  • Blood vessels (Cardiovascular system)
  • Bone (Motor system)
  • Skin (Integument)
• Why is the pressure in open systems low?

  Haemolymph isn't confined to vessels
• How do the growth stages of the plant (Germination, Vegetative, Anthesis, Harvest) relate to the plant's nitrogen and carbon dynamics?

  • During germination (DS=0), the plant is in the vegetative phase
  • At anthesis (DS=1), grain filling and senescence occurs
  • At harvest (DS=2), the plant has completed its life cycle
  • Nitrogen and carbon are translocated from leaves/stem to grain during grain filling and senescence
• What is the purpose of the organ systems shown in the image?

  To perform various functions in the body
• What is the main difference between open and closed circulatory systems?

  Open systems have no vessels; closed systems do
• What is the name of the structure shown in the image that allows blood flow?

  Capillary
• What separates blood from interstitial fluid in a closed circulatory system?

  Blood vessels
• How does the capillary structure facilitate the exchange of materials between the blood and the cell?

  • Blood flow brings nutrients into the cell
  • Waste products from the cell are transported out
  • This exchange occurs across the capillary wall