Chapter 18

• Ellis Island


  an immigration center, opened in New York 1892, the new arrivals had to pass more rigorous medical and document examinations before being allowed into the United States. Today, if you visit the Island you can find a list of names of all immigrants that passed through.
• Contract Labor Laws


  Also called the Foran Act, these passed in 1885 to prohibit the importation and migration of foreigners under agreement to perform labor in the United States.
• Political Machine


  A group of politicians who controlled political parties in major cities. Each group had a boss who gave orders to the rank and doled out government jobs to loyal supporters. The most famous of these was Tammany Hall led by Boss Tweed.
• Jane Addams


  Prominent social reformer who was responsible for creating the Hull House. She helped other women join the fight for reform, as well as influencing the creation of other settlement houses.
• Social Gospel Movement


  A movement in the late 1800s/early 1900s as an effort among Protestant Christians to improve the economic, moral, and social conditions of the urban poor by emphasizing charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation. They believed people should try and emulate Christ like behavior.
• Carrie Nation


  Unwilling to wait for temperance laws, she raided saloons and smashed barrels of beer with a hatchet
• Oliver Wendell Homes


  He taught that the law should evolve with the times in response to changing needs and not remain restricted by legal precedents and judicial decisions of the past
• Winslow Homer


  A realist painter known for his seascapes of New England
• Ashcan School


  Group of social realists artists who portrayed life in poor urban neighborhoods
• Fredrick Law Olmstead


  An influential landscape architect who laid out Central Park and the US Capital
• Joseph Pulizer


  In his newspaper The New York World, he combined exposés of political corruption and crusading investigative reporting with publicity stunts, blatant self-advertising, and sensationalistic journalism (yellow journalism) that is later credited with "starting" the Spanish American War.
• William Randolph Hearst


  Although his "castle" is outside of San Francisco, his paper, The New York Journal, was in fierce competition with The New York World and also practiced sensational, yellow journalism.
• W.E.B DuBois


  Black intellectual who challenged Booker T. Washington's ideas on combating Jim Crow; he called for the black community to demand immediate equality and was a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Wanted access to higher education for the "talented tenth" of African American youth.