Neurological examination

• The motor system includes voluntary movements controlled by the cerebral cortex and spinal cord.
• If there are any abnormalities, they will be described.
• The patient's response to the command is noted, with normal responses being "yes" or "no."
• Motor function is tested through observation, inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, and special tests.
• Inspection evaluates skin color, texture, hair distribution, scars, birthmarks, tattoos, and other physical characteristics.
• Observation involves assessing posture, gait, balance, coordination, muscle tone, symmetry, and facial expression.
• Motor function is assessed through observation of movement patterns, strength testing, and assessment of tone (resistance to passive movement).
• Tone refers to the resistance offered by muscles when stretched passively.
• Hypertonia or hyperreflexia indicates increased muscle tension, while hypotonus or flaccidity indicates decreased muscle tension.
• Abnormal responses may include confusion, disorientation, agitation, or unresponsiveness.
• The patient's ability to follow commands is assessed, including simple tasks such as opening their eyes, lifting their head off the bed, and moving their arms and legs.