Topic 18: Kingdom Fungi Part 1 Flashcards

• Fungi are more closely related to ___ than ___

  Animalia than Plantae
• molecular phylogeny places fungi in what group

  Opisthokonts
• what is are Opisthokonts

  Unikonta protist supergroup
• besides fungi, what else is included in the Opisthokonts

  animals
• what physical characteristics did the common ancestor that fungi and animals may have possibly shared have (2)

  -single celled-had posterior flagella
• what are two words that describe the kingdom of fungi

  -diverse-widespread
• the majority of fungi occur in association with what

  soil
• what do fungi do to organic materials

  break down organic material and recycle nutrients.
• Despite their diversity, fungi share what 3 key traits:

  -Absorptive nutrition-Hyphae and Mycelia-Chitinous cell wall
• fungi are absorptive what

  heterotrophs.
• what kind of eukaryote are fungi

  chemoheterotrophic eukaryotes
• how do fungi feed

  by absorption of nutrients from outside of their body (absorptive heterotrophs).
• Fungi secrete enzymes to do what

  to break down a large variety of complex molecules into smaller organic compounds (external digestion).
• The versatility of these enzymes contributes to fungi's what

  ecological success
• Fungi can digest what from plant tissue (2)

  cellulose and lignin
• Fungi can digest what from animal tissue (2)

  chitin and keratin
• fungi use the process of what to obtain food from their environment

  the process of growth
• most fungi have numerous what that absorb nutrients

  cylindrical, branched, multicellular filaments (hyphae)
• what happens when fungi encounter a source of food

  their hyphae form a network of branched hyphae (mycelium) adapted for absorption.
• Not all fungi produce what

  hyphae
• fungi that dont produce hyphae are what

  single celled fungi called yeasts
• where do yeasts live

  moist, nutrient-rich environments
• how did yeasts evolve

  Yeasts descended from hyphae-forming ancestors and evolved independently several times (convergent evolution).
• Morphology of multicellular fungi enhances the ability to what

  absorb nutrients.
• what are hyphae

  are thin, tubular cell walls filled with cytoplasm and organelles.-(single-cell diameter, 2-10 µm)
• Hyphae only grow at their what

  tips-only grow in length not width
• how fast can hyphae grow

  very quickly; some fungi can add up to 1 km/day!
• what maximizes the surface area:volume ratio in a mycelium

  its filamentous structure
• how does a mycelium's filamentous structure maximizes its surface area / volume ratio?

  More area for enzyme secretion and food absorption.
• Thin hyphae protected by what

  strong, but flexible cell walls made of chitin, a glucosamine polymer.
• what is chitin made of

  Nitrogenous polysaccharide
• chitin evolved independently in some what

  invertebrates
• Fungi transport materials within their what

  hyphae
• The earliest fungal lineages are what

  coenocytic (aseptate
• What does coenocytic mean?

  hyphae form a continuous compartment, with many nuclei but with no dividing cell walls-Continuous cytoplasmic mass with thousands of nuclei.
• In later evolving groups, nuclear divisions are accompanied by what

  the formation of septa (cross-walls) that divide the cytoplasm into separate cells.
• most fungal species are what

  septate.
• what does septate mean

  chains of fungal cells divided by cross walls
• pores allow what

  cell-to-cell movement of water and solutes.
• Single nuclei per cell in fungi with what

  septa (cross-walls that divide the cytoplasm into separate cells)