Atomic Structure

• Bohr radius is 5.29 x10^-11 m
• no. nodes of wavefunction (that go through 0) is n-l-1
• dV = r^2 sin(theta) d(phi) d(theta) d(r) = 4 pi r^2 psi^2
• nodes on radial distribution graph: Pn(r) has n-l-1 nodes
• 90% probability density is represented as boundary surfaces in orbital shapes
• Planck's constant is 6.63 x10^-34 Js
• isoelectronic atoms are atoms with the same electron configuration
• trends in effective charge are greater increase in charge for inner shells as less shielding. Effective charge down group increases.
• more stabalisation of 4s with respect to 3d due to difference in penetration
• the pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in one atom may have the same set of four quantum numbers (n,l,ml, ms)
• aufbau principle states that the ground state configuration of an atom starts by filling orbitals of the lowest energy
• hund's rule states that when electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy, the lowest energy state corresponds to the configuration with the greatest number of unpaired electrons
• Rydberg constant is 1.097 x 10^7 m^-1
• quantum numbers are boundary conditions for wavefunction from the schrodinger equation
• Ionisation energy is proportional to (effective charge / n)^2