Permanent Indian Frontier

• What was the Permanent Indian Frontier?

  The Permanent Indian Frontier was the area west of the Mississipi river that the Native Americans had to live on after President Jackson signed the 1834 Indian Trade and Intercourse Act.
• What was the Indian Removal Act?

  The Indian Removal Act was an act signed by President Jackson in order to pressure 46,000 Indians living in the East of America to give up their land and get new land in the West, known as Indian Territory. The government also promised to protect the Natives from Indian tribes and white settlers.
• What was the 1834 Indian Trade and Intercourse Act?

  This act stated that all of the land the Native Americans owned was all of the west of the Mississipi river, aside from the states of Missouri, Louisiana or the territory of Arkansas to keep Plains Indians and white settlers apart. This divided the Native American territory between Arkansas, Missouri and Iowa.
• What was prohibited in the 1834 Indian Trade and Intercourse Act?

  • It prohibited white people to settle on Indian land.
  • It prevented any sale of guns or alcohol to the Native Americans by white traders.
• What role did the military have in the 1834 act?

  • The US Army protected new Indian arrivals from those who were already on the frontier.
  • They had to ensure that the Native Americans were not launching raids into white farms.
  • They had chains of US Army forts around the frontier.
  • They policed the Native Americans to make sure that the rules were abided by.
• What was the Trail of Tears?

  The Trail of Tears was formed after the forced relocation of Native Americans. This happened in 1838, and 15,000 Cherokee died on the march West.
• Why was the Permanent Indian Frontier not permanent?

  By 1840, white settlers were slowly beginning to migrate West. This led to 100,000 Native Americans being relocated which went against the agreement originally made in the Indian Removal Act.