Learning aim A

• Cooperative play is when children work together to complete tasks and role play. And they communicate with each other
• Parallel play is when a child will play alongside with another child but not with each other. This takes place between 2-3
• It is important for children to develop

  • emotional development
  • communication
  • interactive skills
• Social development is when children start to learn how to share and cooperate with others. Children develop much more formal relationship with teachers, clubs leader and sports coaches
• Peer pressure is when you feel that you must do the same thing as people around you in order for them to like and respect you
• Friendships are formed with people we meet in home or in situations such as school, work and clubs. they are built with common values and interest
• Intimate relationships may be formed in adolescence. positive relationships are based on trust and respect
• Formal relationships are formed between people who are not related and do not have a friendship
• Informal relationships are formed between family members. they usually provide unconditional love and acceptance
• Solitary play is when an infant will spend time playing and exploring on their own without interacting with other children
• 3-5 years old- ask questions and form simple sentences
• 2-3 years- link words together
• 18 months- can follow simple instructions
• 6-12 months- understand some words such as bye bye
• 0-3 months- cries to ask for food or comfort
• Chomsky says that we have an innate understanding of the structure of language called universal grammar such as verb
• Chomsky allow the same pattern of language development
• Chomsky said that humans have a critical period for the first language development in the first five years of life
• Chomsky suggest that humans are born with a structure in their brain that enables them to acquire language
• Chomsky’s theory is a nativist theory
• Critical period is a specific time during development when the brain is particularly receptive to acquiring a skill or knowledge
• LAD- a hypothetical part of the human mindset that allows infants to acquire and produce language
• Security is important to feel comforted infants and young children’s security is about being cared for being safe and loved
• Criticism of Chomsky - Chomsky put too much emphasis on the grammar in sentence structure rather than how children construct meaning from their sentences
• Chomsky criticism- Delayed language development is due to a learning disability or speech impairment. Children with down syndrome have a delay in language development.
• Chomsky explains that we cannot learn language through imitation as adult-language lack grammar and difficult to understand
• 9- 19 years- develop abstract ideas and vocabulary
• 8 years- they can reason and explain
• Bowlby stage 4 - short term separation from an attachment figure leads to distress.
• Bowlby stage 3- children needs parenting. children need the main attachment in their early lives to give them consistent support
• Bowlby stage 2- a child should receive the continuous care of this single most important attachment figure for appr the first two years of life
• Ainsworth situational:

  • child makes a choice and adopts learned behaviour
  • impacts on later life
  • it related to the nurture vs nature debate
  • learned behaviour
• Bowlby believes that attachment is magnetic between mother and child. Bowlby‘s work is a build on the work already done by Conrad lorenzy.
• Rouge test- when we develop a sense of image. A mark is placed on the forehead of 18 month and notice from reflection but others do not
• Consistency of care is when there is sufficient food, warmth and shelter. They also need bonding and attachment and they are emotional ties of an individual forms with others
• Self image is a way a person sees themselves
• Self esteem is a way a person values themselves
• Independence is reaching a stage of development when children can care for themselves
• Contentment is how happy you are. Babies content when they has enough food
• Egocentrism test- the teacher asks students what he could see from the right and they swapped sides. then the student is asked again what he could see from the left side. but, after the teacher asked what the student could see from the teacher’s perspective but the student told what he could see from the left side.