Lecture 3 | M.K Yellow Book Flashcard

• Calcium Channel Blockers are like what for the heart?

  Valium (they relax the heart)
• Calcium Channel Blockers are negative or positive?

  Negative Ino, Chrono, Dromo
• Calcium Channel Blockers treat what? (the 6 A's)

  Antihypertensive, Anti-Anginal, Anti Atrial Arrythmia and SVTS
• Calcium Channel Blocker side effects? (the 2 H's)?

  Headache and hypotension, & bradycardia
• Calcium Channel Blockers treat what Arrhythmias starting with?

  A (treats ATRIAL issues), including SVT
• What causes angina?

  Chest pain due to decreased O2 supply and demand issues
• What do anti-anginal medications do?

  Decrease O2 demand on the Heart, allowing more O2 to chest (dilate)
• 90% of Calcium Channel Blockers end in?

  "dipine" and "zem"
• When giving a Calcium Channel Blocker you hold and notify if?

  systolic is < 100 or lower
• QRS depolarization refers to?

  ventricular
• P wave refers to?

  atrial
• a lack of QRS repolarization?

  asystole (flat line)
• What is the TX for AsystolE?

  FIRST epinephrine then atropine
• Rapid P-wave repolarizations in a saw tooth pattern?

  atrial flutter
• Chaotic p wave depolarizations?

  atrial fib
• Chaotic QRS complexes?

  ventricular fibrillation
• Bizarre QRS complexes?

  ventricular tachycardia (v-tach)
• periodic wide bizarre QRS complexes?

  PVCs (Salvos of PVCs = a short run of v-tach)
• PVCs are usually low priority however, they may be elevated to moderate priority if:

  • there are 6 or more PVC in a min
  • more than 6 PVCs in a row
  • R on T phenomenon (a PVC falls on a T wave)
• PVCs after an MI is common and is a low priority
• Lethal arrhythmias are high priority and will kill a pt in 8 minutes or less
• What the two lethal arrhythmias?

  Asystole and V-fib → low or no CO
• What is a potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia?

  v-tach → it still has a CO
• What is the treatment for PVCs and V-tach?

  Amiodarone , lidocaine
• What is the treatment for supraventricular arrhythmias? (thinks ABCDs)

  Treatment:Adenosine 8 second Push- Watch for the pt to go into Asystole Beta Blocker Calcium Channel Blockers Digitalis (Lanoxin)
• What is the treatment of V-fib and Asystole?

  Defib for V-fib

  Epinephrine and atropine for asystole
• Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias TX

  A) Adenosine

  B) beta blockers

  C) calcium channel blockers

  D) Digitalixs (digoxin)

  E) amiodrone

  
• What is the purpose of Chest Tubes?

  To re-establish negative pressure in the pleural space
• Pneumothorax removes air
• Hemothorax removes blood
• Pneumohemothorax removes air and blood
• An Apical chest tube is placed?


  high (for air) A for air
• A Basilar chest tube is placed?

  low (for blood) B for blood
• Chest tubes after a surgery or trauma assumes it's a?

  unilateral pneumohemothorax
• Does a pneumonectomy get a chest tube?

  No, the lung is removed
• Patient Positioning after Chest Surgery?

  chest tube up, good side down
• What 4 things do you do if the water seal breaks on a chest tube?

  1. clamp it FIRST
  2. cut the tube away
  3. submerge tube in water (NS) *most important step
  4. unclamp
• How long can you clamp a chest tube?

  No longer then 15 seconds without a doctors order
• Is bubbling in the water seal continuously good?

  No it is bad. You need to find the air leak, tape it, report it and then record it.
• Is bubbling in the water seal intermittently good?

  Yes, it should tidal on inhalation