When particles of a substance have zero kinetic energy, 0K
Avogadros constant
The constant number of particles per mole of a substance
Black body radiator
A perfect emitter and absorber of all possible wavelengths of radiation
Boltzmann constant
A constant relating the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas to the gas' temperature
Boyles law
As volume decreases the pressure on a gas at a constant temperature increases
Charles law
As temperature increases the volume of a gas at constant pressure
Ideal gas
A hypothetical gas that has molecules with no interactions and occupy negligible space so it obeys the ideal gas law
Ideal gas law
A combination of Boyles, Charles and the pressure law that describes the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature of an ideal gas
Internal energy
The sum of all the randomly distributed potential and kinetic energies particles that make up a substance
Luminosity
The total power radiated by a light emitting source
Pressure law
As temperature increases the pressure of a gas of constant volume increases
Specific heat capacity
The energy required to raise the temperature of 1Kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin without changing its state
Specific latent heat
The energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change in temperature. Specific latent heat of fusion for solid to liquid and specific latent heat of vaporisation for liquid to gas
State changes
During a state change a substance will not change kinetic energy, temperature will be constant, but its potential energy will change, bonds will be broken or former
