clinical psychology

• Clinical psychology


  A specialized branch of psychology that focuses on assessing, diagnosing, and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
• Clinical psychology


  • Concerned with the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness and psychological distress
  • Involves applying psychological principles to understand, predict, and alleviate maladaptive behavior, emotional discomfort, and cognitive dysfunction
• Assessment


  The systematic gathering of information about an individual's psychological functioning, including their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and experiences
• Diagnosis


  The identification of a specific mental health disorder or condition based on the signs and symptoms presented by the individual, as well as information obtained through assessment
• Treatment


  Implementing interventions aimed at alleviating or managing the symptoms of a diagnosed mental health disorder and promoting overall psychological well-being
• Prevention


  Efforts aimed at reducing the incidence or severity of mental health problems before they occur or worsen
• Wilhelm Wundt establishes the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany


  1879
• Lightner Witmer founds the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania


  1896
• Witmer's clinic focuses on applying psychological principles to address learning difficulties and behavioral problems in children, laying the foundation for clinical psychology as a distinct field
• Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and other psychoanalysts develop influential theories on the unconscious mind, psychosexual development, and the role of childhood experiences in shaping adult behavior

  Early 1900s
• Behaviorism emerges as a dominant school of thought in psychology, with pioneers such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner focusing on observable behaviors and the principles of conditioning


  1920s-1930s
• The rise of humanistic psychology, spearheaded by figures like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes the importance of subjective experiences, self-actualization, and the therapeutic relationship


  1950s-1960s
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) gains prominence as a highly effective approach to treating various mental health disorders


  1970s-present
• Early 20th Century in the Philippines


  • Introduction of Western psychological concepts during American colonial rule, leading to the establishment of psychology programs in universities and colleges
• Mid-20th Century in the Philippines

  • Emergence of pioneering Filipino psychologists advocating for the development of clinical psychology in the Philippines. Dr. Alfredo Lagmay's contributions likely occurred during this period
• Establishment of the Philippine Mental Health Association (PMHA), marking a significant milestone in mental health advocacy and services in the country

  1950s in the Philippines
• Late 20th Century in the Philippines


  • Continued growth of psychology programs and institutions dedicated to mental health and psychological services, with an increasing emphasis on cultural adaptation and indigenous healing practices
• Contemporary Period (21st Century) in the Philippines


  • Ongoing efforts to address contemporary challenges in clinical psychology, including stigma reduction, improving access to mental health services, and integrating cultural perspectives into psychological practice
• Cultural Influence


  Cultural factors such as beliefs, values, and traditions significantly shape individuals' experiences and expressions of mental illness
• Cultural Norms and Coping


  Dictate how individuals perceive and cope with psychological distress
• Cultural Competence


  Essential for clinicians to effectively understand and address the unique needs of diverse populations
• Language and Communication


  Barriers can pose challenges in clinical settings, affecting the quality of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment
• Diversity in Treatment Preferences

  Cultural diversity extends to treatment preferences, with individuals from different cultural backgrounds often having varied attitudes towards medication, psychotherapy, and alternative healing practices
• Intersectionality


  Cultural identities intersect with other aspects of individual identity, such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status