Psychology is a scientific discipline that studies mental state and processes and behaviour in humans and other animals.
Injunctive norms are those that are injunctive and that whichever norm people focus their attention on is likely to be more influential.
Social Psychology is a study of human behavior amidst diverse society.
Social Cognition is a growing area of social psychology that studies how people perceive, think, about and remember information about others.
Heuristics are cognitive shortcuts, instead of weighing all the evidence when making a decision, people rely on heuristic to save time and energy.
Schemas are another key concept in social cognition, it assumes that reality is too complex to easily discern.
Self-concept is a term referring to the whole sum of beliefs that people have about themselves.
The ABC's of self include Affect (i.e emotion) how people evaluate themselves, enhance their self-image, and maintain a secure self-identity.
Behavior: How do people regulate their own actions and present themselves to others according to interpersonal demands.
Cognition: How do individuals become themselves, build a self-concept, and upload a stable sense of identity?
Self-efficacy is a belief associated with self-schema.
Self-perception is a specialized form of attribution that involves making inferences about oneself after observing one's own behavior.
Social Influence is an overarching term given to describe the persuasive effects people have on each other.
Experimental methods involve research altering variables in the environment and measuring the effect on another variable.
Correlating methods examine the statistical association between two naturally occurring variables.
Observational methods are purely descriptive and include naturalisticobservation, contrivedobservation, participantobservation, and archivalanalysis.
Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts and feelings are influenced by the real, imagined, implied presence of others.
Social psychology focuses on individuals rather than groups.
Social influence is when a person's behavior can be affected by the presence of others.
Social cognition is when people think about other people.
Social interaction is when people relate to others.
The goals of social influence are to choose correctly and behave efficiently (to be right), to gain social approval (to be liked), and to manage self-image.
Early social psychology studies were conducted in Ancient Greece more than 2000 years ago.
Plato studied the nature of nonromantic friendship/platonic friendship in Ancient Greece.
Ancient Greeks based their theories primarily on intuition and logic and generally interested in collecting data to test them.
In the 19th century, psychology became an independent discipline.
Psychologists began running experiments and collecting data to see if their hypothesis about human behavior reflected what actually occurred in the real world.
Self- psychological apparatus that gives a person the capacity to consciously think about him or herself.
The looking glass self = we see ourselves partially thought the eyes of others, or rather how we think they perceive us.
William Mcdougall & Edward Ross published the very first social psychology text book entitled "social psychology" in 1908.
Acquiescence = tendecny to agree with or say "yes" to questions
Motivated Reasoning= person's mental processing is influenced by her or his desire, feelings or goals.
Intrinsic Motivation - desire to engage in behavior simply because it is interesting or enjoyable
Response effect = unintended variations in question responses that stem from procedural aspects or features of the survey instrument, such as the wording of a question or the order of the questions
Reflected self-appraisals = derive an element of our self-esteem from how we believe they appraise us.
Extremity bias = tendency to provide answers that are at the extremes of the response options
Extrinsic Motivation - desire to perform a behavior as a result of external rewards or pressures
Validity = extent to which a particular measurement tool provides accurate results
Appraisal Model of stress suggests that stress is a result of how we appraise or interpret situations.
Surveys = questionnaires that consist entirely of self-report item that administered on paper, computer, online or interviews.