SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY FIRST EXAMINATION (CHP 1-3)

Cards (103)

  • Psychology is a scientific discipline that studies mental state and processes and behaviour in humans and other animals.
  • Injunctive norms are those that are injunctive and that whichever norm people focus their attention on is likely to be more influential.
  • Social Psychology is a study of human behavior amidst diverse society.
  • Social Cognition is a growing area of social psychology that studies how people perceive, think, about and remember information about others.
  • Heuristics are cognitive shortcuts, instead of weighing all the evidence when making a decision, people rely on heuristic to save time and energy.
  • Schemas are another key concept in social cognition, it assumes that reality is too complex to easily discern.
  • Self-concept is a term referring to the whole sum of beliefs that people have about themselves.
  • The ABC's of self include Affect (i.e emotion) how people evaluate themselves, enhance their self-image, and maintain a secure self-identity.
  • Behavior: How do people regulate their own actions and present themselves to others according to interpersonal demands.
  • Cognition: How do individuals become themselves, build a self-concept, and upload a stable sense of identity?
  • Self-efficacy is a belief associated with self-schema.
  • Self-perception is a specialized form of attribution that involves making inferences about oneself after observing one's own behavior.
  • Social Influence is an overarching term given to describe the persuasive effects people have on each other.
  • Experimental methods involve research altering variables in the environment and measuring the effect on another variable.
  • Correlating methods examine the statistical association between two naturally occurring variables.
  • Observational methods are purely descriptive and include naturalistic observation, contrived observation, participant observation, and archival analysis.
  • Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts and feelings are influenced by the real, imagined, implied presence of others.
  • Social psychology focuses on individuals rather than groups.
  • Social influence is when a person's behavior can be affected by the presence of others.
  • Social cognition is when people think about other people.
  • Social interaction is when people relate to others.
  • The goals of social influence are to choose correctly and behave efficiently (to be right), to gain social approval (to be liked), and to manage self-image.
  • Early social psychology studies were conducted in Ancient Greece more than 2000 years ago.
  • Plato studied the nature of nonromantic friendship/platonic friendship in Ancient Greece.
  • Ancient Greeks based their theories primarily on intuition and logic and generally interested in collecting data to test them.
  • In the 19th century, psychology became an independent discipline.
  • Psychologists began running experiments and collecting data to see if their hypothesis about human behavior reflected what actually occurred in the real world.
  • Self- psychological apparatus that gives a person the capacity to consciously think about him or herself.
  • The looking glass self = we see ourselves partially thought the eyes of others, or rather how we think they perceive us.
  • William Mcdougall & Edward Ross published the very first social psychology text book entitled "social psychology" in 1908.
  • Acquiescence = tendecny to agree with or say "yes" to questions
  • Motivated Reasoning= person's mental processing is influenced by her or his desire, feelings or goals.
  • Intrinsic Motivation - desire to engage in behavior simply because it is interesting or enjoyable
  • Response effect = unintended variations in question responses that stem from procedural aspects or features of the survey instrument, such as the wording of a question or the order of the questions
  • Reflected self-appraisals = derive an element of our self-esteem from how we believe they appraise us.
  • Extremity bias = tendency to provide answers that are at the extremes of the response options
  • Extrinsic Motivation - desire to perform a behavior as a result of external rewards or pressures
  • Validity = extent to which a particular measurement tool provides accurate results
  • Appraisal Model of stress suggests that stress is a result of how we appraise or interpret situations.
  • Surveys = questionnaires that consist entirely of self-report item that administered on paper, computer, online or interviews.