International opinions

• In 1963, the security council of the Un passed Resolution 181, a voluntary arms embargo on SA.
• In 1977, the UN passed resolution 418, a mandatory arms embargo.
• Countries near SA that replaced white rule with majority black rule between 1975 and 1980?

  Mozambique and Zimbabwe
• What was the Gleneagles agreement in 1977?


  An agreement made by Commonwealth heads of government in 1977 to discourage sports competition with South Africa
• Verwoerd's policies, Sharpeville and the imprisonment of Mandela had a dramatic impact upon world opinion. The first sanctions were imposed in the 1960's.
• The organisation of African Unity was founded in 1963 and its aim was to end the control of African countries by Europeans.
• In 1964, arms sale to South Africa were banned by the United Nations.
• In 1969, thirteen African countries met in Zambia and issued the Lusaka Manifesto, which called for independence in Southern Africa, including SA.
• The ANC was accepted as representative of the OAU.
• In 1971, there was a boycott of banks in Britain that lent money to SA and the beginning of a boycott of South African goods. These were not government policy, however.
• In 1976, SA was expelled from Olympics and suspended by FIFA.
• In 1977, all sporting links with SA were banned by the Commonwealth.
• The UN announced International Anti-Apartheid Year would begin in March 1978. Oliver Tambo spoke at the meeting launching the year.
• Countries like Zambia, Tanzania and the Soviet Union provided military support for the ANC and PAC.
• Britain, the USA and France all increased trade with SA in the 1960's and 1970's. When the Security Council of the UN proposed sanctions against SA, all 3 countries vetoed the proposal.
• The British government were afraid that SA might become communist so continued to trade.
• British firms also had large investments and property in SA, sanctions might lead to these being lost.