Escherichis coli

• Escherichia coli, including Shigella, are Gram-negative rods, facultative anaerobes, have peritrichous flagella, ferment glucose and lactose, are oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, and normally live in the intestinal tract of all mammals (harmless).
• Some Escherichia coli cause serious infections and have antimicrobial resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones.
• Escherichia coli can be divided into Enterobacteriaceae and Non-Enterobacteriaceae based on surface antigens and serotyping.
• Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause diarrhea due to heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST).
• Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) cause watery diarrhea due to attaching and effacing lesions.
• Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) cause hemorrhagic diarrhea and kidney failure due to Shiga toxin.
• Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) are a human pathogen.
• Watery mouth disease in neonatal lambs: a systematic literature review
• Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection in association with acute gastroenteritis in 7 dogs from Saskatchewan
• Demystifying mastitis treatment with Bradley Mills
• Food and beverage testing and manufacturing on Sigma-Aldrich website
• Biochemical tests on microbiology clinic website
• Differentiation of E coli coliforms on Sigma-Aldrich website
• Indole test on microbiology clinic website
• Microbiological analysis for food and beverage on Sigma-Aldrich website
• Bacteriophage therapy effective in controlling T43748
• Diseases caused by E. coli include Neonatal diarrhea, Post-weaning diarrhea, Edema disease, and Urinary tract infection.
• E. coli can affect a variety of hosts including newborn calves, lambs, and piglets, weaned pigs, humans, and other animals.
• Prevention of E. coli infections can be done through good hygiene practices, vaccination, and management of at-risk populations.
• Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease (2nd edition) by PJ Quinn et al, Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat (4th edition) by Graig E Greene, Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat: A Color Handbook (1st edition) by Weese and Evason, Clinical Veterinary Microbiology (2nd edition) by Bryan Markey et al, https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/outbreaks.html, https://www.cdc.gov/shigella/index.html, Kaper JB, Nataro JP, Mobley HL, Luppi A, Croxen MA, Finlay BB, Donnelly JJ, Rappuoli R, Jeon SJ, Elzo M, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC, Jeong KC, Nickerson SC, Kautz FM, Nace EL.
• E. coli is not zoonotic.
• Virulence factors of E. coli include Fimbriae, Enterotoxins, Intimin, T3SS, Shiga toxin, and Invasion.
• Symptoms of E. coli infections can range from watery diarrhea to bloody diarrhea, edema, and septicemia.
• Coli (ExPEC) ETEC EPEC EHEC (STEC/VTEC) EIEC (Shigella) are important pathotypes of E. coli.
• Colisepticemia is a clinical sign of SEPEC, characterized by invasion of the bloodstream (systemic infection) and clinical signs such as fever, depression, weakness, hypothermia, prostration, meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis in calves, lambs, horses, dogs, and cats.
• Septicemic E. coli (SEPEC) is a host-specific pathogen that affects newborn calves, lambs, poultry, or immune-compromised animals.
• SEPEC causes invasion of the bloodstream (systemic infection) and is characterized by virulence factors such as fimbrial adhesins, serum resistance, aerobactin iron uptake system, LPS, and cytotoxic necrotizing factors (CNF).
• Clinical signs of EHEC include swelling (edema) of the eyelids, muscular tremors, an unusual squeal or snoring sound, neurological dysfunction, and flaccid paralysis.
• Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is an avian pathogen that causes edema disease of poultry.
• A coli outbreak in Pennsylvania was reported by abc27 - WHTM on August 19, 2022.
• Shiga toxin: Stx2e binds to Gb4.
• EHEC causes edema disease of pigs.
• Pigs within 1 to 2 weeks after weaning are susceptible to EHEC.
• EIEC causes inflammation, necrosis, and ulceration of the bowel, watery to bloody diarrhea (dysentery) with fever, and is associated with human enteric pathogens Shiga toxin.
• Fimbriae, primarily F18, are associated with EHEC.
• Other toxins associated with EHEC include ST, hemolysin.
• Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is a urogenital pathogen that causes cystitis in humans.
• Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) is an extraintestinal pathogen that causes infections in humans.
• Mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) is a mammary pathogen that causes mastitis in dairy cows.
• Entero invasive E. coli (EIEC) is an intracellular pathogen in the colon with ipaH (invasive gene), T3SS.