Edwardsiella, aeromonas, plesiomonas,vibrio

• Edwardsiella, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, Vibrio are members of the Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
• Edwardsiella is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative rod and a member of the Enterobacteriacae family.
• Edwardsiella is motile by peritrichous flagella and is ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic environments, including freshwater and brackish water.
• Edwardsiella is an opportunistic pathogen causing Edwardsiellosis.
• Edwardsiella has zoonotic potential and can cause foodborne and waterborne infections.
• Edwardsiella has various virulence factors including Hemolysin, Proteinase, T3SS, T6SS, Flagella, LPS, Fimbriae, Serum resistance, Quorum sensing, Attachment, Secretion, Resistance to host immune response, and Biofilm formation.
• Edwardsiellosis in fish can cause ulcerations on the body surface, granuloma, ascites, and edwardsiellosis is a zoonotic disease that can infect humans.
• Edwardsiellosis in humans can cause symptoms such as granulomas and abscesses in multiple organs, exophthalmia, ascites, ulcerative dermatitis, and hemorrhages.
• Edwardsiellosis can also cause bacteremia/septicemia.
• Edwardsiella tarda is the causative agent of Edwardsiellosis and can cause bacteremia in humans.
• Treatment for Edwardsiella tarda infections includes rehydration and antibiotics.
• Edwardsiella tarda is a fish opportunistic pathogen with zoonotic potential.
• Edwardsiella tarda causes fish disease symptoms such as skin lesions and hemorrhagic septicemia.
• Edwardsiella tarda has virulence factors such as T3SS, T6SS, Proteinase, Hemolysin, and Iron uptake system.
• Edwardsiella tarda is found in freshwater, freshwater, freshwater, and seawater.
• Edwardsiella tarda causes enterotoxin (or cholera toxin) which leads to diarrhea.
• Edwardsiella tarda can cause diarrhea in humans, which is rarely leading to bacteremia/ septicemia.
• Edwardsiella tarda can be identified through biochemical tests such as Catalase (+), Oxidase (-), Catalase (+), Oxidase (+), Catalase (+), Oxidase (+).
• Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, aquatic microorganisms are known as Edwardsiella tarda.
• Symptoms of Edwardsiellosis in humans can include gastroenteritis (diarrhea) and bacteremia/septicemia.
• Choice of antibiotics: Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Fluoroquinolones, Trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole
• Aeromonas is the normal flora of freshwater fish and can cause infections in humans.
• Aeromonas has two groups: Motile and mesophilic (A hydrophila) which are human pathogens, and Non - motile and psychrophilic (A salmonicida) which are fish pathogens.
• β - lactamase producers: Resistant to penicillin drugs
• Diagnosis of Plesiomonas shigelloides
• Treatment may not be required
• Virulence factors of Aeromonas include Type 1 and Type IV pili, Flagella, Attachment, Secretion, Resistance to host immune response, Biofilm formation, Capsule and S - layer, Enzymes, Exotoxins (aerolysin), Hemolysins, Enterotoxins, T3SS and T6SS, Quorum sensing.
• Biochemical tests : Catalase positive, Oxidase positive , Indole positive
• 17Colorless colonies Non - lactose fermenter MacConkey agar Blood agar Hektoen enteric agar Hemolytic or Non - hemolytic Green colonies No use of carbohydrates
• Isolation and identification of bacteria : wound or stool culture on selective media at 37 ° for 24 - 48 hours
• Aeromonas is a Gram - negative, facultative anaerobic, straight rod found in aquatic environments and soils.
• Treatment of Plesiomonas shigelloides
• Edwardsiella tarda can cause bacteremia in humans with a 45.5% and 15.6% prevalence, as reported in studies by Hirai et al (2015) and Gabriel et al (2019), respectively.
• Vibrio anguillarum has virulence factors such as an iron uptake system, hemolysins, metalloproteases, and flagella, pili, and LPS.
• Parahemolytic bacteria include Vibrio parahemolyticus, which is a non-hemolytic bacteria found in sheep blood agar.
• Vibrio metschnikowii is an animal pathogen that causes a cholera-like disease in chickens and other birds.
• Genus Edwardsiella, Plesiomonas, Aeromonas, and Vibrio are species of bacteria.
• Vibrio vulnificus is a hemolytic bacteria that can cause infections through seafood consumption or open wounds.
• Vibrio metschnikowii has virulence factors such as hemolysin and verotoxin.
• Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen that can cause diseases such as gastroenteritis, septicemia, wound infections, and necrotizing fasciitis.