Pseudomonas, burkholderia

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium with a single polar flagellum.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a fruity, grape-like smell.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces diffusible pigments such as Pyocyanin, Pyoverdine, Pyorubin, and Pyomelanin.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can be found in various environments including water, soil, plants, hospitals, and homes.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa is multidrug resistant and can attach using pili, flagella, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and biofilm formation using mucoid EPS (Alginate).
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes symptoms such as fleece rot in sheep, pyoderma in dogs, skin infections, ear infections, otitis externa in dogs and cats, ulcerative keratitis in dogs, cats, horses, and mink, pneumonia in dogs, cats, chinchillas, and mink, and bacteremia & septicemia in chinchillas and mink.
• Treatment for Pseudomallei involves antibiotic therapy, surgical drainage of large abscesses, enucleation in the case of eye infection, and no vaccines are available.
• Pseudomallei can cause pneumonia and abscesses, which can be subclinical, clinical, or local skin ulcers.
• Pseudomallei can form abscesses in multiple organs, which can be subclinical, clinical, or local skin ulcers.
• Pseudomallei causes asymptomatic lesions on the spleen in animal hosts, which can be subclinical, clinical, or local skin ulcers.
• Diagnosis of Pseudomallei involves taking samples from abscesses, affected tissues, and blood, and growing them on blood agar and MacConkey agar, incubating them aerobically at 37 ° C for 2 - 3 days, and checking for a greyish-white, non-hemolytic colony on blood agar.
• Pseudomallei can cause chronic abscess formation, granuloma formation, chronic pneumonia, acute septicemia, and pneumonia.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be diagnosed through specimens such as pus, respiratory aspirates, milk samples, ear swabs, etc., cultures incubated aerobically at 37 ° C for 24 to 48 hours, biochemical tests, and molecular-based techniques such as PCR and sequencing.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be treated and controlled through antibiotic therapy and vaccines.
• Pseudomonas fluorescens is a gram-negative, motile, aerobic rod-shaped bacterium that is unable to ferment glucose and produces fluorescent pigment (pyoverdine).
• Pseudomonas fluorescens is present in soil and water and causes skin ulcers and septicemia in reptiles and freshwater fish.
• Burkholderia pseudomallei causes diseases in animals such as lung abscesses and pneumonia, mastitis, subclinical infections, local skin ulcers, chronic abscess formation, granuloma formation, chronic pneumonia, and acute septicemia.
• Mallei is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei, which is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacillus.
• Mallei is a contagious, sporadic, endemic, zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from horses to humans or to non-equine species through contact, ingestion, or inhalation.
• Chronic forms of Mallei include B cell lymphoma, chronic abscess formation, granuloma formation, chronic pneumonia, and acute septicemia.
• Acute forms of Mallei include fever, septicemia, and pneumonia.
• Burkholderia mallei is naturally found in soil and water and is the causative agent of melioidosis, which is endemic in southeast Asia and northern Australia.
• Burkholderia mallei is a Category B bioterrorism agent as per the CDC.
• Horses characterized by the formation of nodules and ulcers on the skin and in the respiratory tract.
• Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacillus with virulence factors such as a capsule, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), multiple secretion systems, quorum sensing mechanisms, adhesion proteins and fimbriae.
• Melioidosis is characterized by abscesses in many organs and is also known as Whitmore’s disease or pseudoglanders.
• Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, which is also a contagious, sporadic, endemic, zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from humans to animals or from animals to humans through contact, ingestion, or inhalation.
• Pseudomonas fluorescens is a former species Pseudomonas mallei, which is a gram-negative, non-motile, aerobic coccobacillus and the causative agent of Glanders in horses, donkeys, and mules.
• Burkholderia mallei, also known as Glanders, is a gram-negative, non-motile, aerobic coccobacillus and the causative agent of Glanders in horses, donkeys, and mules.
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