TRIBAL INDIA: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE

• According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India, a tribe is a collection of families bearing a common name, speaking a common dialect, occupying or professing to occupy a common territory and not usually endogamous, although originally it might have been so.
• The Nagas, the Rengma Nagas and the Sema Nagas belong to Nagaland.
• The Garos, the Khasis and the Khasa tribe belong to Assam.
• The Bhils belong to Madhya Pradesh
• The Soligas belong to Mysore.
• The Todas belong to the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu.
• According to Hadson, dormitories are the survival of communal houses which were the first stage in the development of homes and the whole village lived together.
• The name of the dormitories of the Khasi tribe is Chang.
• The name of the dormitories of the Juang tribe is Darbar.
• The name of the dormitories of the Bhotias of UP is Rangbang.
• The name of the dormitories of the Apatani tribes is Patang.
• The name of the dormitories of the Maria Gonds is Ghotul.
• The name of the dormitories of the Oraon tribe is Dhumkuriya.
• Regionalism is when a group of individuals based on their socioeconomic and political demands wish to carve out a separate identity within the framework of the nation-state.
• Separatism is when a group of individuals based on their socioeconomic and political demands wish to break away from the nation-state and create a separate identity.
• Pandit Jawarharlal Nehru in 1957, in this foreword to Verrier Elwin's "The Philosophy for NETA", laid down 5 principles (panchasheela).
• Article 19(5) states that tribals can own property and enjoy it in any part of the country.
• Article 164 empowers the State Government to appoint a separate Minister to look into the welfare of the tribals.
• The Backward Classes Commission (1953-55) was headed by Kaka Kalelkar and was appointed by the President of India on 29th January.
• The Backward Classes Commission aimed to determine the criterion to be adopted in considering whether any section of people should be treated as socially and educationally backward and to prepare a list of such classes.
• The Backward Classes Commission recommended 70% reservation in the medical, scientific and technical education fields and suggested the formation of a separate Ministry for backward classes.
• The Government rejected the notion of the Backward Classes Commission because caste became the only criterion for deciding backwardness in India.
• The Special Central Assistance, provided by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, is meant for family-oriented income generation schemes in sectors of agriculture, horticulture, sericulture and animal husbandry cooperation.
• The objective of the Special Central Assistance is socio-economic development and protection against exploitation.
• The full form of IRDP is Integrated Rural Development Programme
• The IRDP was launched in 1978.
• The IRDP is a self-employment programme that aims to raise the income generation capacity of target groups among the poor, small and marginal farmers, agricultural borrowers and rural artisans living BPL.
• The full form of LAMPS is Large Sized Multi-Purpose Cooperative Societies.
• LAMPS was established to provide productive and unproductive loans and for the sale of surplus produce and purchase of necessities of life.
• LAMPS aimed to relieve the tribals from the exploitation of contractors and moneylenders.
• The focus of the 20 Point Programme is the development of the scheduled tribes by assisting them economically and enabling them to cross the poverty line.
• The 20 Point Programme is a programme for the encouragement of crafts, home industries and agriculture.
• As a result of the 1st 5-Year Plan, 4000 schools were established.
• As part of the educational policies of tribals, school till 10th grade is free and tuition, stipends, scholarships, textbooks, stationary and other equipment is provided.
• 20% of seats are reserved for tribals in technical education and age limits & qualifying marks are relaxed.
• An ashram school is a school where basic and vocational education is imparted.