Respiration

• Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream through thin walls called capillaries.
• Gas exchange occurs at the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs found within the lungs.
• The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases between an organism's body and its environment.
• Carbon dioxide is produced during cellular respiration as a waste product.
• The respiratory system is responsible for breathing, which involves taking in oxygen (inhaling) and releasing carbon dioxide (exhaling).
• Inhalation is when we breathe in air containing oxygen, while exhalation is when we release carbon dioxide-rich air out of our body.
• During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts downwards, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and causing pressure to decrease inside it compared to outside.
• Inhalation (breathing in) involves drawing air into the lungs by expanding the chest cavity.
• Exhalation (breathing out) involves pushing air out of the lungs by contracting the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
• During exhalation, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, causing pressure to increase inside the lungs.
• During exhalation, carbon dioxide leaves the body through the mouth or nose.
• Inhaled oxygen enters the trachea (windpipe) and travels down to the bronchioles, where it reaches the alveoli.
• Exhaled carbon dioxide passes out of the body via the same route that oxygen entered.
• Inhalation is when we breathe in air containing oxygen.
• Exhalation is when we breathe out air that contains carbon dioxide.
• Breathing is controlled by the brainstem, specifically the medulla oblongata.
• During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts downwards, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and causing the pressure inside to decrease.
• Air flows into the lungs due to the lower pressure inside compared to outside.
• Air rushes into the lungs through the nose or mouth due to this difference in pressure.
• This causes air to be pushed out of the lungs through the nose or mouth.
• Exhalation (breathing out) occurs when the diaphragm relaxes back up towards its original position, decreasing the size of the thoracic cavity and forcing air out through the mouth or nose.
• Breathing rate refers to how many breaths are taken per minute.
• Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillaries surrounding them, while carbon dioxide moves in the opposite direction.
• The alveoli are tiny sacs at the end of the bronchioles that allow gas exchange between the bloodstream and the atmosphere.
• The trachea carries air to the bronchi which branch off into smaller tubes called bronchioles leading to alveoli.