1 government

• Media – use by Government from 1971-2003 to remain in power
• Geneva Convention – to cure wounded soldiers
• Kyoto Protocol – mitigating global warming
• Civilization – where large ideas and tools, as well as human settlements flourished.

   
• Middle East (Mesopotamia)/Iraq (Tigris-Euphrates river) – civilization had first born.
• China – Wanghu and Yangtze river
• Egypt – Nile river
• Jordan – Jordan river
• Hinduism – oldest existing religion in Asia
• Positivism – Eastern religion
• Mysticism – Western
• Territory – subject of sovereignty rights and interest
• Elements of State

    Population

    Sovereignty – freedom from foreign control

    Government

  Territory
• Taxation – power of state which levies or imposes a financial o obligation on its citizens or residents
• Police Power – general welfare: If something is dangerous, even if its private property, the government can remove it
• Eminent power – expropriation power: private property for public use in exchange for fair market value
• Income tax - all practicing professionals
• *sin tax – tax for cigarette
• ad valorem tax – luxurious goods
• tariff tax – imported
• *community tax – adult citizens
• *inheritance tax - inherited
• *real estate tax - properties
• Progressive – tumaas income, tumaas tax (PH)
• Regressive – bumaba income, tumaas tax
• Proportionate – no change, bumaba man o tumaas ang income
• Check and Balances – doctrine grants certain powers to the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government as a way of balancing and checking each other.
• Mercantilism – policy in the 16th century