SC ≠ Concepts

• 'Underclass'

  Term used by NR to describe welfare-dependent class who don't take actiosn to help themselves & are characterised by crime + single-mother homes
• What is the National Living Wage?

  • Available to 21+
  • £11.44 p/h
• What is the National Minimum Wage?

  • Available to 16-20
  • 16-17: £6.40 p/h
  • 18-20: £8.60 p/h
• Life chances

  Ppl's chances of achieving +ve/-ve outcomes as they progress through life
• Meritocracy

  System rewarding talent + effort w/ social advancement
• 'Old-boy network'

  Informal system where men use influence to help others who went to the same skl as them
• Capital

  • Resources allowing you to gain status
  • e.g. economic, cultural, social
• Objective social class

  Measured by using educational attainment + income as indicators
• Subjective social class

  How ppl personally perceive their s. class
• NSSEC

  • National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification
  • Constructed by Hope-Goldthorpe & Savage to measure employment relations
• Hope-Goldthorpe Classification

  • Researched social prestige
  • Split 3 s. classes into 8
• Registrar General's Scale

  • Official class scale in UK from 1911 - 1998
  • Distinguished between manual/non-manual occupations
• The Gini Coefficient

  • Measures a population's wealth inequality
  • 0 = perfect equality
  • 1 = perfect INequality
• Absolute poverty

  Lacking basic necessities needed to maintain life + health
• Relative poverty

  You're lacking 'necessities' relative to the rest of society
• Zero-hour contracts

  CASUAL employment contract where workers have no guaranteed hours + must be available to work
• 'Gig economy'

  Labour market charcterised by short-term work
• White collar

  Professional jobs
• Social closure

  • Weberian concept
  • Groups w/ a particular social status prevent others from achieving it
• Embourgeoisiement

  WC person adopts MC values
• De-skilling

  When a skill/industry is replaced by tech, therefore losing it
• FSMs

  • Free skl meals
  • Dependent on parent/carer's financial situation
• Absolute social mobility

  Diff. between an individual's socio-economic position in adulthood and their parent's when the individual was a child.​
• Relative social mobility

  How mobility differs according to someone's starting position in the class structure
• Precariat

  S. class formed by ppl suffering from ’precarity’ - existing w/o predictability or security
• Embourgeoisiement

  WC adopting MC values via career change/ inc. in wealth
• HBAI

  • ‘Households Below Average Income’
  • Annual report about the % of ppl living in low-income homes