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Patterns & Trends (Stats)
GENDER ≠
Gender ≠ Concepts
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Created by
R.Silv
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Cards (19)
Patriarchy
Social system where
M
have a privileged position
Male gaze
Cinema/film portrayal of W focussing on their
body
/
appearance
(
objectifying
them) to satisfy
male
viewers
Studied by
Mulvey
Glass ceiling
Metaphor describing the invisible barriers keeping W from advancing in the workplace
Concrete ceiling
Similar to glass ceiling
The additional barriers non-white W face
Glass elevator
Structural advantage M have when entering female-dominated professions (e.g. nursing, teaching) that allows them to advance faster
Conjugal roles
Separation of household jobs based on gender - W are caregivers + M are breadwinners
Triple shift
When women have to balance emotional/domestic/professional duties
Studied by Duncombe & Marsden
Horizontal
segregation
When the workforce of a specific field is made up of one gender
Vertical segregation
Opportunities for career advancement for a gender in a company are limited
Gender pay gap
7%
in
April 2024
Everyday Sexism
Online project to collate
W's
experiences of
sexism
globally
Proves gender ≠ is embedded in daily life
Feminisation of poverty
F more likely than
M
to be poor
Their poverty is more severe + it's rising
Crisis of masculinity
Dec.
in
trad.
male industries (steel, mines etc.) +
subsequent
unemployment
= crisis
Being the
breadwinner
is central to masculinity so no job ➡️ insecurity, low self-esteem
Second sexism
Coined by
Benatar
Claims that
M/boys
are further discriminated against on the basis of sex
Fight Club
Attempt to reassert a
trad
. masculine identity threatened by the feminisation of American society.
Glass cellar
Invisible
barrier
keeping
M
in worst jobs + conditions.
Leaky pipeline
Metaphor ab. W dropping out of academic/professional
STEM
careers
Genderquake
Coined by
Wilkinson
Fundamental shift in values of
current
gen.
of W compared to
prev.
gen. ➡️ 'genderquake' ➡️ Power shift between
M/W
+ changing gender roles
Motherhood penalty
Economic disadvantages
W
face after becoming mothers