QUIZ 3

• What is the term for the transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring?

  Heredity or inheritance
• What are hereditary characteristics?

  Traits like eye color and height
• How do Asif and Sarah resemble their parents?

  They share features and traits with them
• What is the role of the nucleus in heredity?

  It contains chromosomes that carry genes
• What are chromosomes?

  Thread-like structures in the nucleus
• How many chromosomes do humans have?

  46 chromosomes
• How do chromosomes from parents combine during fertilization?

  Sperm and egg fuse to form a new individual
• What is the shape of DNA in chromosomes?

  Twisted ladder or double helix
• What are genes?

  Basic units of heredity on chromosomes
• What do genes control?

  Transmission of characteristics from parents
• Why might Asif have a cleft chin if his parents do not?

  Children can differ from their parents' features
• What are variations in genetics?

  Differences in characteristics among family members
• What determines eye color in humans?

  The amount of eye pigment in the iris
• What are the two types of earlobes in humans?

  Free earlobes and attached earlobes
• What is heredity or inheritance?

  • Transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring
  • Includes traits like eye color and height
  • Involves genetic information passed through chromosomes
• What is the structure and function of chromosomes?

  • Thread-like structures in the nucleus
  • Composed of DNA molecules
  • Humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent
• What are genes and their role in heredity?

  • Basic units of heredity located on chromosomes
  • Short sections of DNA responsible for traits
  • Control characteristics like height and eye color
• What are variations in genetics?

  • Differences in characteristics among family members
  • Can include traits like eye color and earlobe shape
  • Result from genetic diversity and inheritance
• What is the focus of today's video?

  Different genetic terms related to DNA
• What is an allele?

  A different version of the same gene
• What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

  Dominant alleles are expressed over recessive ones
• What does homozygous mean?

  Having two identical alleles for a gene
• What does heterozygous mean?

  Having two different alleles for a gene
• What is a gene?

  A segment of DNA coding for a protein
• How do genes determine characteristics?

  They code for proteins that influence traits
• How are most characteristics determined?

  By several interacting genes
• What are alleles?

  Different genetic codes for the same gene
• How many copies of each gene do we have?

  Two copies, one from each parent
• What does it mean if an organism is homozygous recessive?

  Both alleles are for the recessive trait
• What color would a heterozygous mouse be if purple is dominant over green?

  It would be purple
• What is the expression of a dominant allele?

  It is always expressed when present
• What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

  Genotype is the collection of alleles; phenotype is the observable traits
• Why do heterozygous and homozygous dominant mice have the same phenotype?

  Both express the dominant trait
• What are the key terms related to genetics discussed in the video?

  • Allele
  • Dominant and recessive
  • Homozygous and heterozygous
  • Genotype and phenotype
• How do alleles influence the traits of an organism?

  • Alleles are different versions of genes
  • Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles
  • Genotype determines phenotype
• What is genetic inheritance?

  The passing of traits from parent organisms to their offspring
• What is Mendelian Genetics ?

  Refers to the principles of heredity discovered by Greg Mendel , the father of genetics. His expriment with pea plants in the 1860's.
• Who is Greg Mendel ?

  An Austrian Monk and scientist known as Father of Genetics.
• What did Greg Mendel do?

  He discover the fundamental principles of heredity through experiments with pea plants. By cross breeding plants with different traits, he observed how characteristics like flower color and seed shape were passed from one generation to the next.