MEIOSIS

• hybrid

  organism heterozygous for a specific trait
• phenotype


  observable characteristics that is expressed as a result of an allele pair
• genotype

  an organism's allele pairs
• heterozygous

  organism with two different alleles for a specific trait
• homozygous

  organism with two of the same alleles for a specific trait
• recessive

  Mendel's name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation
• dominant

  Mendel's name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation
• allele


  alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait
• genetics

  science of heredity
• heredity

  the passing of traits to offspring
• trait

  a specific characteristic of an organism
• crossing over

  exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis
• meiosis

  reduction division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid (2n) cell produces four haploid (n) cells that are not genetically identical
• diploid


  having two copies of each chromosome (2n)
• fertilization

  process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell with 2n chromosomes, with n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes from the male parent
• haploid

  cell with half the number of chromosomes (n) as a diploid (2n) cell
• gamete

  a haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg
• homologous chromosome

  one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location
• gene

  functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation