sociologists

• What does Becker say? (labelling + streaming)

  image of ideal pupil, MC end up in higher sets/streams
• what does Dunne and Gazeley say? (labelling)

  teachers normalise underachievement of WC pupil
• what does Rist say? (streaming)

  teacher used information on home life to put in groups (clowns, Cardinals and tigers)
• what does Rosenthal and Jacobson say? (SFP)

  SFP - teachers were told some pupils were brighter (spurters) they achieved better
• what does Douglas say? (streaming)

  students placed in bottom streams IQ reduced
• what does Ball say? (streaming)

  grouping by ability leads to social inequalities
• what does Lacey say? (subculture)

  pupil subcultures emerge in response to labelling can create success or failure
• what does Hargreaves say? (subculture)

  factors in school prevent WC from achieving status so form a subculture to gain status