part 1

• The muscular system is a set of tissues in the body with the ability to change shape.
• When the muscle cells contract, force is created as the muscles pull against the skeleton.
• The muscular system is a set of tissues in the body with the ability to change shape.
• The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction is a widely accepted theory that explains how muscle fibers contract.
• According to this theory, myosin fiber filaments use energy from ATP to “walk” along the actin filaments with their cross bridges, causing the actin filaments to slide past the myosin filaments and shortening the sarcomere. This process is repeated many time, resulting in the shortening of the entire muscle fiber.
• The sliding filament theory was first proposed in the 1950’s by ANDREW HUXLEY AND ROLF NIEDERGERKE.
• •        Skeletal muscle is a striated muscle
• •        Skeletal muscle is controlled via the somatic nervous system, also known as the VOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM.
• •        Cardiac muscle, while similar to skeletal muscle in some ways, is connected to the autonomous nervous system.
• Cardiac muscle surround the chambers of the heart and is used to pump blood through the body.
• CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBERS are arranged in a branching pattern.
• Cardiac muscle is a striated muscle
• •        Smooth muscle is not striated.
• •        Like cardiac muscle, smooth muscle is mostly controlled by the autonomous nervous system. 
• Smooth muscle is almost everywhere in your body and aids in everything from circulation to digestion.
• pectoral region are on the front of the chest.
• gluteal region are in the buttock region.
• based on region and shape are pectoral region; pectoralis minor and pectoralis minor, and gluteal region; gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and glutes minimus.
• rectus are muscles that are straight
• Rectus abdominis is a muscle present in the wall of abdomen
• Rectus femoris is a muscle present in the thigh.
• deltoid is a strong muscle over the shoulder (named after the Greek letter delta, which is shaped like a triangle)
• quadratus lumborum is a quadrilateral muscle present in the lumbar region
• trapezius muscle is covering the upper back and part of the neck and shoulders (named for its trapezoidal shape – diamond-shaped muscle)
• based on shape muscles are rectus, deltoid, quadratus lumborum, rhomboid muscles and trapezius muscle.
• The term PECTORAL means relating to the chest.
• OBLIQUE means slanted or at an angle.
• The term RECTUS means straight.
• TRANSVERSE means in a crosswise direction
• The ADDUCTOR muscles of the thigh adduct, or move, the leg toward the midline of the body.
• The ABDUCTOR muscles of the thigh abduct, or move, the leg  away from the midline of the body.
• GROSS MOVEMENT refers to large, coordinated motions
• FINE MOVEMENT involves smaller movements
• Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease that affects the muscular system.
• muscular dystrophy. Beginning at the ages 2-6, the disease persistently weakens the muscles across the entire anatomy.
• •        Generally, people with muscular dystrophy only live into their late teens or early twenties.
• The symptoms of Lupus include a butterfly-shaped rash on the face, as well as swelling and inflammation of the skin, muscles, and joints.
• Lupus is an AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, meaning the cause of the disease is immune cells within your body creating antibodies against your body’s own proteins.
• biceps brachii. This is the muscle of the anterior upper arm that flexes the elbow.
• triceps brachii. This is the muscle of the posterior upper arm that extends the elbow.