Human settlements

• Nucleated settlements are found throughout the plateau region of Narmada Valley, paddy lands in Bihar, U.P, Vindhyan Plateau and several other cultivated parts of India.
• In India, we can see a variety of settlement patterns given the variety of climatic factors, availability of water, slope of the land and level of development.
• The earlier settlements in Brazil were formed by the settlers from Europe mainly in the coastal areas.
• The level of urbanisation in India is measured in terms of percentage of urban population to total population.
• Since ages, a significant portion of the population of this country is living in river basins, on plateaus and mountains.
• In the North-eastern part of Brazil, the types of settlements found are dispersed.
• Availability of water is a major factor affecting settlements.
• In Brazil, majority of the population is found in the eastern coastal areas.
• Factors affecting urbanisation in Brazil include availability of water, climate, and proximity to the sea.
• The settlement pattern in Brazil is characterized by a high concentration of settlements in the coastal states and a low concentration in the states in the interior of the country.
• Settlements are sparse in north-eastern Brazil.
• Concentrated settlements are found in Narmada Valley.
• Except Delhi and Chandigarh, urbanization is low in other parts of India.
• The South Eastern area of Sao Paulo has a good transport system too.
• Sao Paulo is a nucleated settlement.
• Rural areas such as the north-east Highlands suffer from extreme droughts, which make it difficult for practicing agriculture and hence settlements are sparse here.
• Settlements become sparse as we move in towards the central part of Brazil.
• The climate in the central part of Brazil is unhealthy and unfit for settlement.
• Poor transport links in the central part of Brazil are another reason for sparse settlements.
• In India we can see a Variety of settlement patterns given the variety of climatic factors, availability of water, slopes of the land and level of development.
• Nucleated settlements are found throughout the plateau region of Narmada valley, paddy lands in Bihar. U.P, Vindhyan plateau and several other cultivated parts of India.
• Dispersed settlements are found in tribal parts covering Central parts of India, eastern and Southern Rajasthan, Himalayan slopes and land with dissected and uneven topography.
• In Brazil the coastal climate is hot and humid and flat land is limited due to rugged topography.
• In Brazil the regions has a good water supply and a large range of natural resources. e.g- Sao Paulo.
• Sao Paulo has extensive area under rich soil which makes it ideal for growing coffee.
• Sao Palo also has a large supply of natural minerals closed by such as iron ore and it also has a steady energy supply.
• The South eastern area of Brazil has a good transport system .
• The Sao Poulo area is a nucleated settlement.
• The North East highlands in Brazil have sparse settlements.
• The level of urbanization is measured in terms of percentage of urban population to total population.
• The level of urbanization in India in 2011 was 31.16% which is quite low in comparison to the developed countries.
• Expansion of the urban centres and emergence of new towns have played a significant role in the growth of urban population and urbanization in India.
• Urbanization has been more in the southern part than in the Northern part in India.
• Goa is the most urbanized state with 62% population living in the urban areas according to 2011 census.
• Delhi is more than 80% urban according to 2011 census.
• In the states of Tamilnadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Kerala urbanisation is more.
• Himachal Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir, Uttarkhand, Bihar, Rajasthan are some of the states with low levels of urbanization.
• Indraprastha (Delhi), Mithila, Varanasi, Harappa, Mohenjodaro , Ujjain and Pratishthan (Paithan) were the urban settlements of earlier times.
• Brazil Is one of the few developing countries which is highly urbanised.
• Brail's Substantial urban growth process is unique and one of the underlining factors contribute to its present-day rapid economic growth.