part 2

• Blood is a fluid connective tissue that circulates throughout the body
• §  Blood is a fluid connective tissue that circulates throughout the body in blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. 
• The fluid part of blood is called PLASMA.
• plasma is a yellowish, watery liquid that contains many dissolved substances and blood cells.
• Arteries are Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
• Veins are the Vessels that bring blood back to the heart.
• Capillaries are the tiny vessels that branch off from arteries to deliver blood to all body tissues.
• the three main types of arteries are elastic arteries, muscular arteries and aorteries.
• The AORTA AND PULMONARY ARTERIES are the elastic arteries.
• Elastic arteries receive blood directly from the heart and need to be elastic to accommodate the surge and contraction as blood pushes through with each heartbeat.
• •        The AORTA is the body’s most important artery.
• PULMONARY ARTERIES take deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
• The muscular arteries move blood from the elastic arteries through the body.
• Muscular arteries are made of smooth muscle, which can expand and contract as blood flows.
• •        The femoral and coronary arteries are two examples of muscular arteries.
• Arteries branch out and become smaller vessels called arterioles, which help distribute blood through networks of capillaries, which are microscopic.
• Coronary arteries provide blood to Heart.
• carotid arteries provide blood to brain, head, face and neck.
• vertebral arteries provide blood to brain and spine.
• iliac arteries provide blood to pelvis.
• femoral artery provide blood to legs.
• subclavian arteries provide blood to head, neck and arms.
• celiac and mesenteric arteries provide blood to digestive system.
• Your AORTA, your largest artery, is about 10 millimeters (mm) to 25 mm (.4 inch to .9 inch) in diameter.
• Other arteries can be 3 mm to 5 mm (.11 inches to .19 inches) in diameter
• the smallest arteries, ARTERIOLES, can be .30 mm to .01 mm in diameter.
• An aortic aneurysm involves an area of bulging or weakness in the aorta. If the vessel bursts, it is often fatal.
• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that a history of smoking accounts for about 75% of aneurysms that develop in the section of the aorta that runs through the abdomen.
• Symptoms of aortic aneurysm can include:

  ·        sudden chest or back pain

  ·        sudden and severe abdominal pain

  ·        trouble breathing

  ·        low blood pressure

  ·        trouble swallowing
• ·        Coronary artery disease involves a buildup of plaque in the lining of the coronary arteries.
• ·        PLAQUE consists of deposits of cholesterols, and a buildup can narrow the space that the blood travels through. Eventually, the buildup of plaque can block blood flow to the heart, leading to a HEART ATTACK.
• Peripheral artery disease usually involves narrowing of the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the legs and feet.
• ·        According to the AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, risk factors include smoking, type 2 diabetes, and older age.
• Symptoms of PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE include:

  ·        pain in the legs or hips

  ·        leg fatigue

  ·        trouble walking or climbing stairs

  ·        sores in the feet or lower legs that do not heal
• Pulmonary arterial hypertension  involves increased pressure in the arteries of the lungs.
• iN Pulmonary arterial hypertension, The arteries become narrowed and thick, which increases the pressure. This makes the heart work harder, and eventually, it can lead to HEART FAILURE.
• Symptoms of Pulmonary arterial hypertension include:

  ·        shortness of breath

  ·        chest pain

  ·        fatigue

  ·        swelling of the legs and feet