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biology
structure and function in living organisms
excretion
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Cards (119)
What is the primary source of water vapour lost from a plant?
Water drawn up from the
roots
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Where can chemical waste materials be stored in plants?
In the
dying tissues
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What happens to chemical substances no longer needed by plant cells?
They are
broken down
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How are waste substances removed from a plant when stored in dying tissues?
When the dying tissue
falls
off
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What causes the change in color of deciduous tree leaves in autumn?
Chemical waste products
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What type of reactions produce waste products in cells of organisms?
Metabolic
reactions
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What is excretion?
Removal of waste,
toxic
, excess substances
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What metabolic wastes are produced by the human body?
Carbon dioxide
, water, and
urea
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What process produces carbon dioxide and water?
Aerobic respiration
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Where is urea produced in humans?
The
liver
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What process produces urea in the liver?
Breakdown of
excess
proteins
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Besides urea, what other substances are excreted in excess?
Medical drugs
and dietary minerals
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What is one potential negative effect of waste products building up?
Toxicity
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How does carbon dioxide affect pH?
It
lowers
the
pH
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What happens when carbon dioxide dissolves in water?
It forms an
acidic solution
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How does an acidic solution affect enzymes?
Reduces their
activity
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What is the 'osmotic effect' of waste products?
Body fluids become more
concentrated
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What does concentrated body fluids cause?
Water to move out of
cells
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What is the effect of water moving out of cells?
Prevents
essential
reactions
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Why is limited storage space a problem for waste?
Space needed for
useful molecules
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What is egestion?
Expulsion of
unabsorbed
food as
faeces
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What is the route that egested material takes out of the body?
Via the
anus
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What is the function of excretory organs?
Removal of certain
excretory products
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Which organs excrete urea, water, and excess salts?
The
kidneys
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What form do the kidneys excrete urea, water and salts in?
In the
urine
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From what process does the urea excreted by the kidneys come?
Breakdown of
amino acids
in
liver
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Which organs excrete carbon dioxide and water?
The
lungs
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How does water leave the lungs?
As
vapour
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Which organ excretes excess mineral ions and water?
The
skin
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How does excretion occur at the skin's surface?
Via
sweating
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Where are the kidneys located in the body?
In the back of the
abdomen
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What are the two important functions of the kidneys?
Regulate
water content
of blood
Excrete
toxic waste
and excess substances
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Why is regulating the water content of blood vital?
Maintaining
blood pressure
and
osmoregulation
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What type of waste substances are removed by the kidney?
Urea
Salts
Water
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What is osmoregulation?
Maintaining
water
and salt
concentrations
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What kind of process is osmoregulation?
An example of
homeostasis
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What are the two main components of cytoplasm and blood plasma?
Largely composed of
water
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Why are maintaining water levels vital for the body?
Prevent harmful changes to
cells
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How do body cells function if they lose or gain too much water?
They do not function
efficiently
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What is the effect of too much water in the blood?
Cells swell and may
lyse
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See all 119 cards
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