Fuels

• Specific energy is the amount of energy held in fuel (Joules per gram. J/g)
• Specific energy Calculation: e = Q/m
• H2O, CO2, CO, C


  Greenhouse gases that absorb and reradiate heat to warm the lower atmosphere of earth and earth's surface.
• Incomplete Combustion produce gases of H2O, CO2, CO, C
• Incomplete combustion produces carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon soot which have harmful effects on living organisms in the environment.
• Shorter carbon chains provide cleaner flame
• Longer carbon chains provide a dirty flame
• Carbon soot (solid) particles build up in the atmosphere, which disturbs our respiratory system as it clogs up in our lungs. This may lead to lung cancer.
• Carbon monoxide is easily absorbed by haemoglobins, which minimise gas exchange in the respiratory system.
• Alkene = # of hydrogens X 2 # of carbons 
• Alkanes = # of hydrogens X 2n + 2 # of carbons
• When a fuel burns cleaner (blue flame) it produces less carbon, which reduces negative health outcomes.
• Octant (long carbon chains) are easily accessible.
• Octane (long carbon chains) are made from finite resources, therefore it is not renewable.
• Fuels with higher specific energy will lower the cost of buying fuel, this is due to not needing to buy it all the time.
• Renewable fuels are easily replaceable whereas nonrenewable fuels are not
• Ocean acidification is caused by the CO2 dissolving into the ocean and lowering the pH, dissolving the calcium off shellfish and coral. Harming the ocean