Intro to Linguistics

• Linguistics is the mental organization of speech sounds.
• Phonology's level of analysis are the phonemes, rules, and systems.
• Phonemes are the basic unit of sounds.
• Minimal Pairs refer to the same phoneme that occur in different phonetic environment.
• Allophones are the ability to recognize and manipulate the individual sounds.
• Phonemic Awareness refers to the physical properties of speech sounds.
• Phonetics' level of analysis are the sounds, features, and processes.
• Articulatory Phonetics analyzes the physical properties of sound waves.
• Acoustic Phonetics refers to how the human ear perceives and interprets sound waves.
• Auditory Phonetics is the study of words.
• Morphology refers to the smaller meaningful units.
• Morphemes are the core meaning of movement.
• Allomorphs are the study of sentence construction.
• Syntax refers to the building blocks and rules and patterns of sentences.
• Semantics is the literal, dictionary definition of a word.
• Denotation is the emotional and cultural associations attached to a word.
• Connotation is using the language to point something.
• Reference is the actual object or concept being pointed to.
• Referent is understanding new words and sentences by breaking them down into familiar concepts.
• Deixis refers to Person, Spatial, Temporal, and Discourse.
• Psycholinguistics is how the students process information regarding the language.
• Conversational Implicature refers to the actions we perform through language.
• Speech Acts are using words/phrases to anchor meaning in the specific context of the utterance.
• Telegraphic speech is when adults adjust speech for babies.
• Assimilation is the deletion of a sound, typically due to factors like ease of pronunciation or rapid speech.
• Agreement refers to the ways in which participants in an event are expressed in a sentence.
• Inflectional morphology is the morphology that changes the whole meaning.
• Foreigner talk and Baby talk refer to quickly associating a new word or carefully analyzing it.
• The child begins to be proficient in using grammar and syntax, their vocabulary continues to expand rapidly, and their ability to understand and produce complex sentences increases during the Expansion and Refinement Stage, which lasts from 2 years to 5 years.
• Analytic Languages have words that can be formed from a large number of morphemes.
• Babies may produce playful vocalizations resembling language and repeating syllables during the Babbling and Reduplication stage, which lasts from birth to 18 months.
• Polysynthetic Languages have a complex word order.
• Absolute Universals are features that are found in all languages without exception.
• Word order is used to indicate the grammatical function of nouns and pronouns.
• Affixation refers to the combination of 2 words to form a new word.
• Statistical Universals are features of a language that are being affected by factors.
• The child continues to develop their language skills in all areas and they become more adept at using language for different purposes during the School Age stage, which lasts from 5 years and beyond.
• Phraseology investigates the meaning of complete sentences, considering how the meanings of words and phrases combine to convey a coherent message.
• Stress is the pattern of unstressed and stressed syllables.
• Isolating Languages combine a small number of free morphemes.