Genetic Engineering

• Genetic is the branch of science that deals with the study of heredity, genes, and variation.
• Heredity is the passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring
• Gene is the basic unit of heredity
• Variation is the similarities or differences in the genes
• Insulin is produced by pancreas If there is a high amount of sugar in the blood
• Recombinant DNA Technology is the joining together of DNA molecules from two different species
• Restriction enzymes are used to cut out specific sequences of DNA
• Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria
• Genetic Engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism and transferred from one organism to another for many reason
• The Gene of Interest is the desired gene that will be inserted to the extracted plasmid
• Ecori Endonuclease is an enzyme that cuts DNA into fragments
• Gel Electrophoresis is a specialized instrument that uses an electrical field to provide the force necessary to separate DNA molecules based on size.
• POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) mimics the process of DNA replication to produce millions of copies of a DNA sequence.
• Denaturation is the process wherein heat is used to separate strands of double stranded DNA.
• Annealing is the process wherein DNA is cooled to a lower temperature to allow annealing primers.
• Synthesis is the process of DNA amplification wherein DNA polymerase makes new DNA
• DNA Ligase is an enzyme that adds a fragment from the gene of interest to the plasmid
• The DNA ligase can form bonds called phosphodiester bonds
• Escherichia Coli is the bacteria wherein the Ecori Endonuclease is found
• Recombinant Plasmid is the plasmid wherein the gene of interest is added
• The Transformation Technique is the process wherein the recombinant plasmid/ DNA/ transgene is inserted to the bacteria
• Vector is a piece of DNA used as a vehicle to insert into the host cell
• Extrachromosomal DNA is a DNA that aren't in the nucleus
• Reproduction is the process wherein the bacteria multiply, the plasmids multiply as well, creating many copies of the gene.
• Fermentation Tank is the place where the genetically modified bacteria are grown and contain all the nutrients they need. The more the cells divide, the more insulin is produced.
• Purification Process is the process wherein the product (insulin) is separated from other substances present in the fermentation tank.
• Trypsin Treatment is the purification process to purify insulin