Integumentary System

• The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous tissue, is the deepest layer of the skin and consists of fat and connective tissue.
• Eccrine sweat glands are located throughout the body and produce clear, watery sweat to cool the body through evaporation.
• Apocrine sweat glands are larger than eccrine sweat glands and produce a thicker, odorless secretion that contains proteins and fats.
• Sebaceous glands are found within hair follicles and secrete an oily substance called sebum that helps lubricate and waterproof the skin.
• Skin has three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue.
• It consists of skin (epidermis) and accessory structures such as hair, nails, glands, and blood vessels.
• The integumentary system is the largest organ system, covering about 2 square meters.
• The integumentary system helps regulate body temperature through sweating and shivering.
• The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead skin cells that are constantly shed and replaced.
• Apocrine sweat glands are found mainly in hair follicles and secrete an oily substance that mixes with bacteria on the surface of the skin to form odor.
• Apocrine sweat glands are found mainly in hair follicles and secrete an oily substance that mixes with bacteria on the surface of the skin to form odor.
• Sebaceous (oil) glands are associated with hair follicles and secrete oil called sebum to lubricate the skin and hair.
• Sebaceous (oil) glands secrete an oily substance called sebum into hair follicles to lubricate and protect the skin and hair.
• Hair is made up of keratinized cells arranged into three layers: medulla (center), cortex (middle), and cuticle (outermost).
• Hair is made up of keratinized cells arranged into three layers: medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
• Hair is made up of keratinized cells arranged in layers and has three main functions: insulation, protection, and sensory perception.
• Nails are hardened plates of keratin on the dorsal surface of fingers and toes, protecting the underlying tissues from injury and providing support for manipulating objects.
• Nails consist of hardened keratin and serve as protective coverings for the tips of fingers and toes.
• The stratum basale (basal layer) is the innermost layer of the epidermis and produces new cells by mitosis.
• Melanocytes are pigment-producing cells responsible for giving color to the skin.
• The stratum spinosum (spinous layer) is the second layer from the inside out and contains keratinocytes with spiny projections.
• Functions include protection against physical injury, pathogens, UV radiation, temperature extremes, dehydration, and chemical irritants.
• Functions include protection against physical injury, pathogens, UV radiation, temperature regulation, sensation, excretion, vitamin D synthesis, and storage of lipids.
• The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands and appendages.
• The integumentary system protects against physical injury by providing a barrier to external forces.
• Protection from mechanical damage includes keratinized stratum corneum, which provides a barrier function.
• The integumentary system produces vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.
• The integumentary system provides sensations such as touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, itchiness, tickle, and vibration.
• The stratum granulosum (granular layer) is the third layer from the inside out and contains flattened keratinocytes filled with keratohyalin granules.
• The epidermis has four layers: Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, and Stratum lucidum.
• Melanin is a pigment that determines the color of the skin
• Keratin is a substance that blocks water and microorganisms from entering the skin
• Fingernails grow at an average of 3mm in a month