Out of Main City - suburbanisation and counter urbanisation.

• Suburbanisation: the process of population movement from central area of cities towards the suburbs on the outskirts or rural urban fringe.
• Suburbanisation happens via linear development. Areas develop along transport routes, then infill fills the gaps. Some areas use a greenbelt to control growth.
• greenbelt land is protected land that cannot be built on unless their is reigional or national importance.
• Surbiton: a suburb of london, had a rapid population growth due to opening of london to southampton rail line (1830), it linked surbiton to Central london.
• Surbiton has diverse housing. there are lots of large victorian houses with smaller 1930s houses towards the river. In 'berrylands' an area developed in the inter-war period semi-detached 3/4 bedroom houses dominate along with modern flats.
• Surbiton has a large regional shopping centre, but still has a thriving shopping centre of its own - the council plans to retain small retail units in order to preserve character.
• Surbiton has a mainly middle class population.
• Becontree is another london suburb - use to compare to Surbiton.
• Becontree was built in the interwar year, its purpose was to rehouse people from the east london slum clearance. Lots of different house types - short terraces with small front and rear gardens.
• Becontree: has 140 million renewal scheme to upgrade 23,000 council houses (bathroom, Central heating etc). The shopping streets are characterised by closures, there are multiple large pubs closed due to antisocial behavior.
• Becontree: has little post war development, and problems with parking, it is also difficult to provide good public transport due to low density of the estate.
• Becontree: houses working class and unemployed, has the lowest average incomes in london. A main attraction is that it is the cheapest place to live in london.
• Suburbanisation: environment: higher carbon emissions per resident in the suburbs, higher car ownership, high levels of air pollution eg in bexley, more energy inefficiant homes.
• Surburbanisation: In Surbiton there is a new bike storage unit installed at the train station.
• Suburbanisation: london mayor wants to bring around targets to deliver affordable, suitable housing in the suburbs and recognise the need for more services such as schools with an expanding population.
• Use of buses increased by 29% from 1999 - 2005, in London suburbs.
• In suburbs there is a lack of appropriate transport, lots of congestion due to increased car ownership.
• Counter Urbanisation is the migration of people from major urban areas to smaller urban settlements and rural areas. This leads to the growth of rural areas.
• Rural urban fringe is the area between urban areas and rural areas where there is often competition for land use.
• Counter urbanisations is happening due to a decrease in the mannufacturing industry leading to more brownfield sites, people want to escape the stereotypical urban environment due to a percieved better life.
• In St Ives (Cambridgeshire) there is counter urbanisation
• Impacts of counter urbanisation in st ives: traffic on A14; changing population structure - more young families. New housing developments being built on flood plains.
• Management of Counter Urbanisation in st ives: new flood protection - embankments; 200 new homes - some planned to be affordable. (Low cost ownership - buy part of house and rent rest), extend primary schools for 240 more places.
• Causes of Counter Urbanisation: retirment age seek peace of rural areas, 'rural idyl'; low crime rates; better village schools. Spread of broadband so people can work from home.
• Consequences of counter urbanisation: house prices pushed up and young people are forced out; public transport decline as new residents have cars; village businesses have to change (butcher to deli); Congestion.