Weaknesses such as joints in cliffs are undercut by erosion to form a wave-cut notch.
The rock above overhangs over the notch and, as erosion continues, the notch enlarges until the unsupported overhang collapses due to the weight.
The new cliff face is then eroded and, through time, the cliff retreats inland, leaving a gently-sloping rocky surface called a wave-cut platform, which extends out to sea away from the cliff.
The platform is abraded by rock materials, with rock pools and potholes, evident at low tide.