Skeletal System

• The skeleton is divided into two main parts, the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column) and appendicular skeleton (limbs).
• Bones are classified based on their shape as long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones.
• Long bones have a shaft with an epiphysis at both ends.
• Short bones are roughly cube-shaped and found in the wrists and ankles.
• Flat bones protect organs such as the skull or ribcage.
• There are around 206 bones in your body
• The axial skeleton protects the delicate organs in the body
• The appendicular skeleton provides support and aids the body in movement
• The axial skeleton is composed of bones that protect, like the skull, backbone, breastbone, and ribs
• Vertebrae is irregularly shaped hollow bones making up the backbone or the spinal column
• The breastbone is a long flat bone at the middle of the chest. It is attached to the ribs. The breastbone and ribs enclose the heart and lungs.
• Ribs are curved bones that attach to the sternum and surround the thoracic cavity. They also serve as attachment points for muscles involved in breathing.
• The bones that protrude at the base of the neck are the collarbones
• Collarbones are attached to triangular bones called shoulder blades
• There are 5 types of joints. These are gliding joint, hinge joints, ball-and-socket joints, saddle joints, and pivot joints.
• The skeletal system functions as the basic framework of a body and the entire body are built around the hard framework of Skeleton.
• Almost all the rigid or solid parts of the body are the main components of the skeletal system.
• Joints play an important role in the skeletal system as it helps in permitting the different types of movements at different locations.
• The gliding joints are located on the wrists. Its movements are sliding bones over each other
• Hinge joints are located in the ankles, knees, and elbows and has movements of bending and straightening
• Ball-and-socket joints are found in the shoulders and has free movement in all directions
• Saddle joints are found on the thumbs, tilting in several directions
• Pivot joints are found on the head and neck, has limited movement, turning right to left
• Cartilage is a smooth and slippery tissue, coating ends of some bones
• Synovial fluid lubricates bones. It is an oil-like fluid located at the end of the bones.
• Ligaments are made of very thick and elastic material, making them very tough
• Ligaments can stretch when the bones move. The bones do not separate even if they do a lot of movement because the ligaments hold them together.
• Tendons connect a muscle to a bone. Tendons are also made of tough material.