Programming (vocab)

• ! "not" logical operator
• #000000 = Black represented RGB in 32Bit Hex
• #0000FF = Blue represented RGB in 32Bit Hex
• #00FF00 = Green represented RGB in 32Bit Hex
• #FF0000 = Red represented RGB in 32Bit Hex
• #FFFFFF = White represented RGB in 32Bit Hex
• && = "and" logical operator
• || = "or" logical operator
• == = Equality operator; used to compare two values, and returns a Boolean (true/false). Avoid confusion with the assignment operator "=",
• Abstraction = Reducing information and detail to focus on essential characteristics.
• Algorithm = A sequential set of steps or process for solving a problem.
• American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) = The most common format for text files in computers and on the Internet. In this standard, each alphabetic, numeric, or special character is represented with a 7-bit binary number (a string of seven 0s or 1s). 128 possible characters are defined.
• API (Application Programming Interface) = A collection of commands that can be used in a programming language to carry out a variety of processes. These commands are the "interface" that the programmer will use to build applications in that language.
• Array = A synonym for a List
• Binary Code = Representation of computer processor instructions using any two-symbol system, but often the numbers 0 and 1.  Machine Language is written in this.
• Binary Question = A question to which there are only two possible answers
• Boolean = An expression is any expression that can only evaluate to either TRUE or FALSE. 
• Byte = 8 bits\
• Calling a function = Telling the computer to run (or execute) that set of actions.
• Computationally hard  = A problem for which there is no proven algorithm for solving in a reasonable time
• Concatenate = To link together or join – used to join strings together in Python
• Data Type = (Ex: Number, Boolean, or String) a value's property that dictates how the computer will interpret it. For example 7+5 is interpreted differently from "7"+"5"
• Debugging = Finding and fixing problems in your algorithm or program.
• Decimal = Traditional number system using digits 0-9.
• Dictionary = A collection of Key-Value pairs.  This is like a List, but you use the Key not the Index to reference a value.
• Documentation = A description of the behavior of a command, function, library, API, etc.
• Efficiency = A measure of the number of steps per input size needed to complete an algorithm
• Event = A user action that can be detected by a program (such as a Mouse Click, key press) and causes an Event Handler to be invoked.
• Event Handler = Indicates which method should be invoked (called) when a specified event occurs such as a mouse click
• Event-driven program = A program designed to run blocks of code or functions in response to specified events(e.g. a mouse click, mouse move, key pressed)
• Exabyte (EB) = 1,024 Petabytes (PB) -  a quintillion bytes (10^18)
• Expression = Any valid unit of code that RESOLVES to a Value.
• For loop = A loop which facilitates running a block of code a specific SEQUENCE of items through use of a counter (or Looping) variable
• Functions = A way of naming chunks of code that you can call (execute) as many times as needed. Functions are a form of computational abstraction 
• Gigabyte (GB) = 1,024 Megabytes (MB)
• Global Variable = A variable whose scope is "global" to the program, it can be used and updated by any part of the code. Its global scope is typically derived from the variable being declared (created) outside of any function, object, or method.
• Heuristic = Technique used to find an approximate solution when typical methods fail to find an exact solution
• Hexadecimal Number System = A Base 16 number system consisting of 16 distinct values - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
• High Level Programming Language = A programming language that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. These are designed to be easy for the programmer to understand.  Examples are Python, Java, C++, C#

  Such languages are considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and further from machine languages.
• Iteration = The repetition of a statement, process, or procedure within a loop