Topic 1: Cell Biology

• What is active transport?

  Movement against a concentration gradient using energy
• What is an adult stem cell?

  A stem cell that can form many cell types
• What is agar jelly used for?

  To culture microorganisms in petri dishes
• What is cell differentiation?

  It is when a cell becomes specialized for its function
• What is the cell membrane?

  A partially permeable barrier surrounding the cell
• What is the function of the cell wall?

  It strengthens plant cells with cellulose
• What is a chloroplast?

  An organelle where photosynthesis occurs
• What are chromosomes?

  DNA structures made up of genes in the nucleus
• What is a concentration gradient?

  The difference in concentration between two areas
• What is diffusion?

  The spreading out of particles from high to low concentration
• What is an embryonic stem cell?

  A stem cell that can differentiate into most human cells
• What is a eukaryotic cell?

  A cell that contains a nucleus, found in plants and animals
• What does magnification refer to?

  How much bigger an image appears than the original
• What are meristematic cells?

  Stem cells that can differentiate into any plant cell
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  It is the site of respiration in cells
• What is mitosis?

  A type of cell division producing identical daughter cells
• What is the nucleus?

  An organelle containing genetic material and controlling cell activities
• What is an organelle?

  A specialized structure found inside a cell
• What is osmosis?

  The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane
• What is a plasmid?

  Loops of DNA found in prokaryotic cells' cytoplasm
• What is a prokaryotic cell?

  A cell found in bacteria without a nucleus
• What is resolution in microscopy?

  The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen
• What are specialized cells?

  Cells adapted to perform a specific function
• What is a stem cell?

  An undifferentiated cell that can produce specialized cells
• What is surface area?

  The amount of contact an object has with its environment
• What is surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)?

  The size of an object compared to its contact area
• What is the cell cycle?

  A series of stages preparing the cell for division
• What is therapeutic cloning?

  Producing an embryo with the same genes as a patient
• What is the function of a vacuole?

  An organelle that stores cell sap
• What are the two types of cells in living organisms?

  Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
• What type of cells are animal and plant cells?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What organelles are found in eukaryotic cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus containing DNA
• What type of cells are bacterial cells?

  Prokaryotic cells
• What organelles do bacterial cells have?

  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Single circular strand of DNA
  • Plasmids
• What are organelles?

  Structures in a cell with different functions
• How do we express size differences using orders of magnitude?

  By powers of ten
• What does a prefix indicate in measurements?

  The multiple of the unit
• What are the prefixes for common metric units?

  • Centi: 0.01
  • Milli: 0.001
  • Micro: 0.000001
  • Nano: 0.000000001
• What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

  • Contains DNA coding for proteins
  • Enclosed in a nuclear membrane
• What is the role of cytoplasm in a cell?

  • Liquid where chemical reactions occur
  • Contains enzymes and organelles