Genus Yersinia. Y. pestis. Y. enterocolitica

• What type of bacteria is Yersinia?

  Gram-negative
• What enzyme is Yersinia positive for?

  Catalase
• Is Yersinia motile or non-motile?

  Motile
• What sugar does Yersinia ferment?

  Glucose
• Does Yersinia have a capsule?

  Yes, it is encapsulated
• Is Yersinia fastidious or non-fastidious?

  Non-fastidious
• What type of pathogens are Yersinia?

  Obligate pathogens
• What is the staining appearance of Yersinia?

  Bipolar staining with safety-pin appearance
• Name one strain of Yersinia.

  Yersinia Enterocolitica
• What is another strain of Yersinia?

  Yersinia Pestis
• What happens to Yersinia's flagella at 37°C?

  No flagella are present
• What is the morphology of Yersinia Enterocolitica?

  Pleomorphic, coccobacillus or rod
• What are common reservoirs for Yersinia Enterocolitica?

  Contaminated pork and dairy
• How is Yersinia Enterocolitica transmitted?

  Ingestion of contaminated food
• What are the virulence factors of Yersinia Enterocolitica?

  Adhesins, invasins, enterotoxins
• What do enterotoxins do in Yersinia Enterocolitica?

  Disrupt epithelial barrier of intestinal tract
• What are the clinical manifestations of Yersinia Enterocolitica infection?

  Reactive arthritis, acute diarrhea, yersiniosis
• What is a common microbiological diagnosis specimen for Yersinia Enterocolitica?

  Faeces
• What agar is used for culturing Yersinia Enterocolitica?

  Schiemann CIN Agar
• What is the appearance of Yersinia colonies on Schiemann CIN Agar?

  Red bullseye surrounded by transparent border
• What is the treatment for Yersinia Enterocolitica infection?

  Fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin
• What is a key feature of Yersinia Pestis morphology?

  Coagulase positive
• What is the transmission method for Yersinia Pestis?

  Flea bites
• What are the clinical manifestations of Bubonic Plague?

  Fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes
• What is the lethality rate of Pneumonic Plague?

  100% lethal
• What is the treatment for Yersinia Pestis infection?

  Aminoglycosides like streptomycin
• What are the virulence factors of Yersinia Pestis?

  • Antiphagocytic capsule with F1 antigen
  • Protease that activates plasminogen
  • W/V antigen that is plasmid-coded
• What are the microbiological diagnosis methods for Yersinia Pestis?

  • Specimens: buboes, sputum, blood
  • Microscopy: Gram staining, capsule staining
  • Culture: McConkey Agar
• What are the clinical manifestations of Yersinia Pestis?

  • Bubonic Plague: fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes
  • Pneumonic Plague: spreads to lungs, 100% lethal
  • Septicaemic Plague: damage in all body systems, 100% lethal
• What are the cultural features of Yersinia Pestis?

  • Short rods with intensive staining at ends
  • No flagella
  • Capsule formation at 37°C
• What are the reservoirs for Yersinia Pestis?

  • Rodents
  • Prairie dogs
  • Squirrels
• What is the prevention method for Yersinia Pestis?

  • Killed vaccine
• What are the cultural features of Yersinia Enterocolitica?

  • Flagella at <30°C
  • Non-capsulated
  • Pleomorphic: coccobacillus or rod
• What are the clinical manifestations of Yersinia Enterocolitica?

  • Reactive arthritis
  • Acute diarrhea
  • Yersiniosis: abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea
• What are the treatment options for Yersinia Enterocolitica?

  • Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin)
  • 3rd Generation Cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone)
• What are the transmission methods for Yersinia Enterocolitica?

  • Ingestion of contaminated food
  • Contact with contaminated pet feces
• What are the microbiological diagnosis methods for Yersinia Enterocolitica?

  • Specimens: faeces, infective tissues, blood
  • Culture: Schiemann CIN Agar
  • Microscopy: Gram staining