1890-1920

• Ellis Island - immigration processing Center open in NY Harbor 1892
• Homestead Strike - 1892, tensions between workers + management in Carnegie Steel Company caused workers to go on strike as managers cut wages + fired union workers.
• 16th Amendment - income tax
• 17th Amendment - provided that the senators shall be elected by popular vote
• 18th Amendment - forbade sale or manufacture of alcohol
• 19th Amendment - granted women right to vote.
• Anti-Saloon League - 1895, set up by Wayne Wheeler to work for prohibition.
• W.E.B Du Bois - influential advocate for full political, economic + social equality for African - Americans
• NAACP - National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People founded by W.E.B Du Bois to achieve equality + justice
• Imperialism - a policy where a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially + economically.
• Teller Amendment - 1898, legislation that promised US would not annex Cuba free winning Spanish-American war
• Anti-Imperialist League - 1907-12, group objected to the annexation of the Philippines + the building of an American empire.
• Boxer Rebellion - 1899, rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the ‘foreign devils’ - rebellion ended by British troops.
• Rough Riders - 1898-99, mixture of Ivy League athletes + western frontiersmen, volunteered to fight in the Spanish-American war, enlisted by Roosevelt.
• Open door policy - 1899, protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China.
• Gentlemen’s Agreement - 1907, Japan won’t allow further emigration to US + US won’t put restrictions on Japanese immigrants already in US.
• Plessy v. Ferguson - 1896, court case that ruled separate but equal public facilities were legal.
• Atlanta Compromise Speech - 1895, given by Booker T, Washington at Cotton states + International Exposition that proposed that African-Americans and white Americans should agree to benefit from each other.
• Populism - political doctrine that supports the rights + powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite.
• Great White Fleet - 1907, 16 white battleships sent around the world to demonstrate America’s power
• Roosevelt Corollary - 1904, addition to Monroe Doctrine, stated that US would intervene in Latin American affairs if Europeans caused problems.
• William Jennings Bryan - 1896, democratic candidate in presidential election who ran on the promise of equality for all
• Clayton Antitrust Act - 1914, passed to amend + clarify Sherman Antitrust Act
• Eugene Debs - socialist leader who found American Railroad Union + led 1894 Pullman strike
• Pure Food + Drug Act - 1906, forbade manufacture or sale of mislabeled/ adulterated food or drugs
• Espionage + Sedition Acts - 1917-18, restriction on freedom of speech during WWI, caused by increased anxiety about radicalism, labor activism and immigrant culture.
• Sherman Antitrust Act - 1890, prohibited formation of monopolies by implementing regulation on businesses.
• Progressivism - political ideology that advocates for the expansion of the state’s role in society, social reforms, equality + regulation of big business.
• Benjamin Harrison presidency 1889-93
• William McKinley presidency 1897-1901
• Theodore Roosevelt presidency 1901-1909
• William Howard Taft presidency 1909-1913
• Woodrow Wilson presidency 1913-21
• Dollar Diplomacy (1909-13)

  • avoided direct interventions in foreign affairs by using American financial power instead