RNA structure

• RNA is another type of nucleic acid that falls into the same family as DNA but has a few differences.
• RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, while DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
• DNA has a sugar which is deoxygenated, while RNA is not deoxygenated.
• RNA has one strand, while DNA has two strands.
• RNA acts more as a messenger molecule, transferring the information that DNA has within itself to manufacturing proteins within cells.
• The function of DNA is to store all the genetic information and instructions that help us develop ourselves in terms of structure and function, building up the organism's structure and dictating which proteins are made where they go and what they do.
• DNA molecules, when they reside in the nucleus of the cell, are very hard to move around, hence the need for RNA to act as a messenger to take information out to the cell.
• RNA also has a role in the regulation and synthesis of proteins, carrying information out to the cell and having roles in making proteins and regulating how they are made and how they fold up to the right shape.
• RNA nucleotides differ from DNA nucleotides in some details within the nucleotide itself.
• The pentose sugar in RNA is ribose, while in DNA it is deoxyribose.
• RNA is composed of only one polynucleotide chain, making it single-stranded, while DNA is known as being double-stranded.
• DNA and RNA are both made from polynucleotides, but they have important differences.
• The polynucleotides in RNA tend to be a lot shorter than those in DNA.
• The nucleotides in all types of polynucleotides generally follow the same format: a phosphate group is joined to a pentose sugar, which is then attached to an organic base.
• Polymerization of nucleotides results in a chain of nucleotides known as a polynucleotide.
• RNA is made of ribonucleic acid, which is also used to make ribosomes, these structures that have roles in making proteins and regulating how these proteins function and the kind of shape of these proteins.
• The bases in DNA are G for guanine, A for adenine, C for cytosine, and T for thymine, while in RNA they are G for guanine, A for adenine, C for cytosine, and U for uracil.
• The nitrogen-containing organic bases in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, while in RNA they are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
• The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, which lacks an oxygen atom, while in RNA it's ribose, which has an oxygen atom.
• In DNA, the complementary base pairing is G-C-T, while in RNA it's A-G-U.
• The two pyrimidine bases in RNA are cytosine and uracil, which are smaller than the other two types of bases.
• In RNA, the purine bases are adenine and guanine, which have two carbon rings and are larger than the other two types of bases.
• The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, which lacks an oxygen atom, while in RNA it's ribose, which has an oxygen atom.
• In DNA, the number of strands is two, while in RNA it's one.
• In DNA, the purine bases are adenine and guanine, which have two carbon rings and are larger than the other two types of bases.