The heart

• The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
• Blood flows into the right atrium via the superior and inferior venae cavae (SVC and IVC).
• The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body through arteries, while the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through pulmonary veins.
• The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava.
• The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
• The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.
• Blood flows from the vena cava (right) to the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, then to the pulmonary trunk, which divides into two branches that go to both lungs.
• The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood out to the rest of the body through arteries, while the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood back into the lungs through pulmonary veins.
• Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood back to the heart from the lungs.
• The heart is divided into four chambers - two atria and two ventricles.
• Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow between the atria and ventricles during contraction.
• Semilunar valves prevent backflow between the ventricles and great vessels during relaxation.
• Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup in the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and increased risk of heart attack or stroke.
• The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
• The interventricular septum separates the two ventricles.
• The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
• The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle due to its higher pressure load.
• The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood out of the heart through the aorta.
• Arteries are thicker than veins due to their higher pressure and need to withstand greater force.
• Veins have valves to prevent backward flow of blood.
• Capillaries connect arterioles to venules and allow exchange between tissues and blood.
• Valve closure occurs when pressure in the chamber exceeds pressure in the vessel.
• Heart sounds are produced by valve closure.
• Valve closure occurs when pressure increases within the chamber.