History_American West

• Bands were lead by chiefs and had a council of advisers. Most people in a band were related to each other
• a direct consequence of indigenous Americans not having to obey the chiefs decisions was the US government thought that if a chief signed a treaty all of his tribe would obey it as well
• 4 features of PI society were Bands, Tribes, Chiefs and warrior Societies
• a warrior society is when the best warriors from each band supervised hunting, protecting the band from attack
• warrior societies led all short raids and wars although they had to consult the bands council
• chiefs were chosen due to their wisdom and skills as warriors?/hunters
• no decision was made from the chief until everyone at the council agreed to it and the rest of the tribe or band did not have to follow it
• chiefs and elders were often guided by what?

  spirit world visions
• pull factors for moving west include?

  Gold

  Oregon Trail

  Fertile Land

  Space

  Freedom/ independence
• Push factors for moving west include?

  Overpopulation

  Unemployment

  Persecution

  Collapse of wheat Prices
• in 1836 the first migrants to travel by the Oregon trail reached their destination.
• In 1837 financial crisis caused more people to move West
• in 1841 a government funded expedition mapped the Oregon Trail
• 1848 gold is discovered in california
• consequences of the Californian gold rush included?

  Lawlessness in mining camps

  Manifest Destiny

  genocide of Californian Indians by migrants

  Tension with PIs due to increase in migration along Oregon Trail

  Farming Boom in Cali

  Racial tension
• The donner Party left Missouri in may 1846
• some of the causes of the failure of the donner party included; they tried to take an unmapped shortcut, four wagons broke, 300 cattle died, they left too late so had to face winter in the mountains
• the donner party was lead by Jacob and George donner
• some ways the mormon party went right is they: left earlier to avoid the winter, went ahead and planted crops , gave everyone a specific role, insisted on discipline and regular rest, taught them how to form a circle with wagons for saftey, split everyone in groups each with a leader
• who was in charge of the mormon migration to the west? Brigham Young
• the mormon migration occurred from years 1846-1847
• What was the Timber Culture Act?

  allowed Homesteaders to claim an extra 160 acres if they planted trees on a quarter of it
• when was the Fort larmie treaty?

  1851
• features of lawlessness in the west were new crimes such as claim jumping, social factors-alcohol,gambling,prostitution, not enough law enforcement, racial tensions, isolated communities
• Gangs were formed in San Francisco due to the rise in population as migrants attempted to find gold found none and were unemployed and disappointed
• In San Francisco the population grew wildly from 1000 to 25000
• by 1851 gangs were formed and out of control in San Francisco. the few local policeman were unable to cope and often bribed
• with no effective law enforcement citizens of San Francisco set up a vigilance committee to control gang violence this idea then spread to mining camps.
• why did the government encourage the growth of railroads?

  enable troops to be moved around to control PIs uprisings

  allow all Americans to keep in touch, creating national unity

  allow Americans to fulfil manifest destiny by making it easier to migrate

  allow fedral law officers to reach settlements struggling with lawlessness

  promote the settlement of the west

  transport goods easily
• when was the pacific railroad act passed?

  1862
• the pacific railroad act granted the enormous job of building the first transcontinental railroad.
• us government policies contributed to tension with PIs as the us government wanted to expand the us westwards onto plains indians lands
• The Indians appropriations Act was in?

  1851
• the indian appropriation act was were the us government paid PIs to give up lands and move to reservations
• 2 consequences of the indians appropriation act is what?

  The PIs had to move to reservations where they could be controlled

  It unofficially ended the permanent indian frontier
• the first fort laramie treaty was in 1851
• the aim of the fort laramie treaty was what?

  guarantee the safety of white travellers

  stop tribal fighting
• consequences of the fort Laramie treaty include?

  the number of white settlers in the west increased due to the safe passage.

  no longer a permanent Indian frontier between eastern states of the USA and the PIs

  the PIs became dependent on the US government which the US could use as a lever to control them
• The PIs that signed the treaty in the first fort laramie treaty gained?

  an annuity of 50000 dollars.
• US marshalls were appointed by the president to be responsible for a state or terriotory