Social

• Migration is a movement of a person from one country or locality to another.
• There are two types of Filipino labor migrants: Temporary Migrants and Irregular Migrants.
• 10 million Filipinos have migrated overseas.
• The Philippines launched an overseas employment program in the 1970s.
• Filipinos work in the oil-rich but labor-short Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) and one of the destinations of Filipino workers is the Middle East.
• In the latter 1970s, labor and migration problems increased due to poor work conditions, not giving proper wages, and OFWs being abused by employers.
• Flor Contemplacion, Carlito Lana, Sarah Balabagan, and Jennifer Dalquez are examples of Filipino migrants.
• The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is a human rights treaty that aims to protect the rights of migrant workers and their families.
• Human Trafficking is a crime and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is working to combat it.
• The Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012 (RA 10364) is a law in the Philippines that aims to combat Human Trafficking.
• The Philippine government has developed several constitutions, laws, and policies to protect OFWs and their families.
• The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) was established to help OFWs look for legitimate employment abroad and complete their employment contract.
• The POEA has 10 Don’ts for Filipino Migrants.
• Home country advantages include better knowledge and skills flow, remittances, and better job prospects for locals/employment.
• Home country disadvantages include division of families, less young population, and lost of skilled workers.
• Destination country advantages include cheap workers, more skilled workers, cultural diversity, job loss, limited education, discrimination/racism, and diseases.
• Destination country disadvantages include limited education, discrimination/racism, diseases, and loss of skilled workers.
• Migration may either have beneficial or adverse effects to the people involved.
• The Overseas Workers and Welfare Administration (OWWA) is a government agency tasked to protect the interest of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) by providing services that would be beneficial for them.
• Programs and services for the overseas workers include medical/healthcare, disability and death benefits, education and training benefits, social and family welfare assistance, and workers assistance and on-site services.
• Seafarers’ Comprehensive Education and Training Programs include seafarers’ upgrading program, mariners’ dugtong-aral, incentive program for top 200 maritime cadets, and maritime educational development loan program.
• Workers Assistance and On-Site Services include locating OFWs whereabouts, repatriation program, and 24/7 OWWA Operations Center.
• Social and Family Welfare Assistance includes reintegration program, OWWA-NLDC LDPO Project, and 24/7 OWWA Operations Center.
• The word “territory” pertains to an area of either land or water that is under jurisdiction of a particular state.
• In May 2016, President Rodrigo Duterte stated in an interview that the government would pursue its claim on Sabah for it is within the country’s 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone.
• Article I of the 1987 Philippine Constitution defines National Territory as comprising the archipelago of the country, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its subsoil, the insular shelves and other submarine areas.
• The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.
• The sovereignty of the national territory, including the waters surrounding the country, is important to the political consolidation of the Philippines since the country is archipelagic.
• The Archipelagic Doctrine states that an archipelago shall be regarded as a single unit, so that the waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, irrespective of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the state, and are subject to its exclusive sovereignty.
• The main purpose of the Archipelagic Doctrine is to protect the territorial interests of an archipelago, that is, the territorial integrity of the archipelago.
• An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.
• The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was adopted in 1982 in Montego Bay, Jamaica and entered into force on 16 November 1994.
• UNCLOS provides a comprehensive legal framework governing all activities and uses of the world's seas and oceans.
• The Convention establishes general obligations for safeguarding the marine environment and protecting freedom of scientific research on the high seas.
• The Convention has created three new institutions on the international scene, as follows: International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), International Seabed Authority (ISA), and Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS).
• China’s stand on the case filed by the Philippines to the PCA maintains that the matter is concerned with territorial sovereignty, which is not the scope of the PCA.
• On June 7, 2013, China released a new map indicating 10-dash lines placed in the eastern side of Taiwan.
• The Philippine government believes that even if China has sovereignty over the South China Sea under its 9-dash lines, China exceeds the limits set by the Convention on the possible entitlement for maritime affairs.
• China stationed Chinese ships to Ayungin Shoal, which is part of the Kalayaan Island Group just off the Palawan peninsula.
• The Philippine government opposes the claim of the Chinese government that they have historic rights to the South China Sea.