Topic 9: Cardiovascular System 2

Cards (84)

  • What is the location of the heart?
    In the thoracic mediastinum
  • What forms the apex of the heart?
    Tip of the left ventricle
  • What is the base of the heart?
    Opposite the apex
  • What surrounds and protects the heart?
    The pericardium
  • What are the two parts of the pericardium?
    Fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
  • What is the outer layer of the pericardium made of?
    Tough, inelastic connective tissue
  • What does the serous pericardium consist of?
    A double layer membrane
  • What is the acronym to remember the layers of the pericardium?
    Fart Police Smell Villains
  • What are the three layers of the heart wall?
    Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
  • What is the composition of the epicardium?
    Mesothelium and connective tissue
  • What constitutes the bulk of the heart?
    Myocardium
  • What lines the inside of the myocardium?
    Endocardium
  • What type of muscle tissue is myocardium?
    Cardiac muscle tissue
  • How are cardiac muscle fibers arranged?
    In interlacing bundles
  • What connects cardiac muscle fibers?
    Intercalated discs
  • What do gap junctions allow in cardiac muscle fibers?
    Action potentials to conduct between fibers
  • How many networks do cardiac muscle fibers form?
    Two networks: atrial and ventricular
  • Why is the myocardium in the left ventricle thicker?
    To generate greater pressure for systemic circuit
  • How many chambers does the heart have?
    Four chambers
  • What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?
    Atria
  • What are the two lower chambers of the heart called?
    Ventricles
  • What separates the right and left atrium?
    Interatrial septum
  • What is the fossa ovalis?
    An oval depression in the interatrial septum
  • What closes soon after birth?
    The foramen ovale
  • What separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle?
    Interventricular septum
  • What does the right atrium receive?
    Deoxygenated blood
  • Through which veins does the right atrium receive blood?
    Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
  • What does the right ventricle do with deoxygenated blood?
    Pumps it into the pulmonary trunk
  • What do the pulmonary arteries do?
    Carry blood to the lungs
  • Where does oxygenated blood enter the heart?
    Left atrium
  • How many pulmonary veins deliver blood to the left atrium?
    Four pulmonary veins
  • What does the left ventricle do with oxygenated blood?
    Pumps it into the ascending aorta
  • Where does oxygenated blood go from the ascending aorta?
    To all parts of the body
  • What prevents blood from flowing backward in the heart?
    Four valves
  • What are the atrioventricular (AV) valves?
    Valves between the atria and ventricles
  • What is the tricuspid valve?
    AV valve between right atrium and ventricle
  • What connects the tricuspid valve to the papillary muscles?
    Chordae tendinae
  • What is the bicuspid valve also known as?
    Mitral valve
  • What must happen for blood to pass from an atrium to a ventricle?
    An AV valve must open
  • What are the semilunar valves?
    Valves near the pulmonary trunk and aorta