formal theories of intelligence jm

• galton

  • first attempt to measure intelligence
  • studied darwin
• binet: first intelligence test

  • binet-simon scale, which simon described as 'practical, convenient, and rapid'
• binet-simon scale

  • chose a series of 30 short tasks related to everyday life
  • following a lighted match with your eyes
  • shaking hands
  • naming parts of the body
  • naming objects in a picture
  • recalling the number digits a person can recall after being shown a long list
• binet-simon scale

  • tests were arranges to be of increasing difficulty
  • most hard items included being ask to repeat back seven random digits
• binet

  • levels of tests matched a specific developmental level of children. could be used to determine childrens mental ages and whether a child was advanced or backward for their age
  • birth of IQ
• terman

  • first notable development , adapted the binet-simon test for californian school children
  • revised test, and added 40 new items, called it the stanford-binet test
  • suitable for children aged 4-14 as well as a now upper age limit to 'superior adults'
• terman and stern

  • stern discovered that if the. mental age were divided by chronological age, the ratio was fairly constant. names the ratio the intelligence quotient (IQ)
• yerkes

  • intelligence test in demand
  • binet and terman tests were not suitable as they were time intensive. yerkes developed a group intelligence test: the army alpha and army beta
• yerkes

  army alpha was for literate groups, army beta for illiterates, low literates or non-english speaking
• Yerkes: alpha and beta test

  • Alpha test : oral directions, arithmetical problems, practical judgement, synonyms-antonyms, disarranged sentences, uncompleted series of numbers, analogies, information
  • Beta test: maze task, cube analysis: digit symbols, number symbols, picture completion, geometrical construction