immunity

• there are two types of immunity

  • active immunity (long term)

  1. self-inflicted
  2. vaccination

  • passive/innate immunity (shortterm)

  1. mother's milk
  2. serum
• what is active immunity?

  • defence against a pathogen by ANTIBOY PRODUCTION in the body
  • memory cell produced for secondary invasion
  • slower than passive immunity as body has to produce the antibody
• what is passive immunity?

  • defence against a pathogen by ANTIBODIES acquired from ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL
  • short-term solutions
  • faster than active immunity as no memory cell and antibody formation ; obtain antibody from other individuals
• how to obtain antibody (active)?

  1. self-inflicted - pathogens enters by chance to infect body

  • this will stimulate antibody and memory cell production

  2. vaccination 'man made' 'insert dead/weakened pathogen'

  • stimulate antibody and memory cell production

  antibody stimulation is not important for vaccination as the pathogen is already dead and does not cause disease
• how to obtain antibody (passive)?

  1. mother's milk

  • contains antibodies

  2. serum injection

  • serum contains antibodies, plasma with fibrinogen removed
  • sourced from recovered person
  • usually used for acute, deadly diseases
• mother's milk is active immunity for the mother (production in body) and passive immunity for the baby (antibody acquired from another individual)
• what is autoimmune disease?

  autoimmune disease is when the body's immune system attacks itself i.e. TYPE 1 diabetes
• what is the cause n effect of autoimmune disease ?

  cause : body's immune system (WBC kill body cell) attack insulin-producing cells (identify those cells as foreign objects)

  effect: patient's blood deficient in insulin (insulin is a hormone that controls glucose lvl)