2.2.1 Properties of ionic compounds: high melting points, el

• What forms ionic compounds?

  When metals lose electrons to non-metals
• What type of ions are created in ionic compounds?

  Positive and negative ions
• How do ionic compounds differ from covalent compounds?

  Ionic compounds transfer electrons, covalent share them
• If you wanted to observe the detailed structure of this crystal lattice, which type of microscope would you use?

  Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
• What are the key differences between the behavior of ions in a solid versus a molten/aqueous solution?

  • In a solid, ions are fixed in a lattice and cannot move.
  • In a molten/aqueous solution, ions can move and conduct electricity.
• What is the formula to calculate the area of a circle with radius $r$?


  $A =$$\pi r^2$
• Why can't solid ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  Because ions are locked in a crystal lattice
• What happens to ions in solid ionic compounds?

  They are locked in a crystal lattice
• How does the movement of ions affect the conductivity of ionic compounds?

  Movement of ions allows conductivity
• Why do the ions in a compound form a crystal lattice structure?

  The ions are arranged in a lattice structure due to their ionic bonding
• How does the crystal lattice structure of ionic compounds like sodium chloride differ from the structure of covalent compounds?

  Ionic compounds form a regular, repeating crystal lattice structure due to ionic bonding, while covalent compounds do not have a defined lattice structure
• How are the chloride and sodium ions arranged in the crystal lattice structure?

  • The chloride and sodium ions are arranged in an alternating pattern
  • The chloride ions are surrounded by sodium ions, and vice versa
  • This arrangement maximizes the ionic bonding between the oppositely charged ions
• What are the main components of the crystal lattice structure shown?

  • Chloride ions (Cl-)
  • Sodium ions (Na+)
  • Ionic bonds between the ions
• What is a key characteristic of the arrangement of ions in ionic compounds?

  Positive and negative ions alternate
• What are the key differences between ionic and covalent compounds?

  • Ionic Compounds:
  • Formed by electron transfer
  • Strong electrostatic forces
  • Covalent Compounds:
  • Formed by electron sharing
  • Weaker forces compared to ionic
• What is the structure formed by ionic compounds?

  Crystal lattice
• What type of structure do ionic compounds form?

  Giant structure extending in all directions
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

  Due to strong electrostatic forces in the lattice
• What can ionic compounds do when their charged particles are free to move?

  Conduct electricity
• What is the name of the crystal lattice structure shown in the image?

  Sodium chloride lattice structure
• How do ionic compounds compare to covalent compounds in terms of melting points and forces?

  • Ionic Compounds:
  • High melting points
  • Strong electrostatic forces
  • Covalent Compounds:
  • Low melting points
  • Weak electrostatic forces
• What is required to overcome the forces in ionic compounds to change their state?

  A significant amount of energy
• How do the ions move in a molten or aqueous solution compared to a solid?

  • In a molten/aqueous solution, ions can move to the positive or negative terminal.
  • In a solid, ions are fixed in a lattice and cannot move.
• What is a characteristic of ionic compounds regarding melting points?

  They have high melting points
• In what state do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  Molten or aqueous
• What must be overcome to change ionic compounds from solid to liquid?

  Strong electrostatic forces
• How are ions arranged in an ionic compound's structure?

  Each ion is surrounded by oppositely charged ions
• What are the bonding characteristics of ionic and covalent compounds?

  • Ionic Compounds: Transfer of electrons
  • Covalent Compounds: Sharing of electrons
• What are the states of ionic compounds and their ability to conduct electricity?

  • Solid:
  • Ions move: No
  • Conducts electricity: No
  • Molten/Aqueous:
  • Ions move: Yes
  • Conducts electricity: Yes
• What is the difference between a solid and a molten/aqueous solution in terms of ion movement?

  • In a solid, ions are fixed in a lattice and cannot move.
  • In a molten or aqueous solution, ions can move and conduct electricity.
• What are the key features of the structure of ionic compounds?

  • Crystal lattice formation
  • Alternating positive and negative ions
  • Each ion surrounded by oppositely charged ions
  • Giant structure extending in all directions
  • Strong electrostatic forces holding ions together
• What holds the ions together in an ionic compound?

  Strong electrostatic forces