Period 3

• What ion does sodium form?

  1+ ions
• What ion does magnesium form?

  2+ ions
• Why is sodium more reactive than magnesium?

  It loses one electron, needing less energy
• What flame color does magnesium produce when it burns?

  Bright white flame
• What is the oxidation state of sulfur when it forms SO​3​?

  +6
• What conditions are required for sulfur to form SO​3​?

  High temperatures and a catalyst
• What are the structures and bonding types of period 3 oxides and their properties?

  • Na​2​O: Ionic, melting point ≈ 1250°C, vigorous reactivity
  • MgO: Ionic, melting point ≈ 2750°C, vigorous reactivity
  • Al​2​O​3: Ionic (covalent character), melting point ≈ 2000°C, slow reactivity (faster if powdered)
  • SiO​2: Macromolecular, melting point ≈ 1500°C, slow reactivity
  • P​4​O​10: Simple covalent, melting point ≈ 500°C, vigorous reactivity
  • SO​2: Simple covalent, melting point ≈ -10°C, burns steadily
• What do simple covalent oxides of sulfur and phosphorus form when they react with water?

  Acidic solutions with pH 0-2
• What do basic, ionic oxides produce when they react with acids?

  A salt and water
• What do acidic, covalent oxides produce when they react with bases?

  A salt and water
• Why is aluminium oxide insoluble in water?

  It has partially ionic and covalent bonding
• What does aluminium oxide react with in neutralisation reactions?

  Both acids and bases