Psychology as a Science

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Created by
Lily

Cards (25)

  • What makes research scientific
    if research follows scientific principles = scientific
    if research doesn't follow scientific principles = unscientific
  • Establishment of cause + effect
    the investigation of a causal relationship i.e. when the manipulation of the IV causes a change in the DV
    only in experiments
  • Falsification
    being able to demonstrate that something isn't the case i.e. that a hypothesis is false
  • Replicability 

    being able to repeat an original procedure in exactly the same way
  • Objectivity
    taking an unbiased external perspective that isn't affected by an individual or personal viewpoint, so should be consistent between researchers
  • Induction
    a scientific method that uses observations to generate testable hypothesis, which are developed into theories
  • Deduction
    A scientific method that develops hypothesis from theories then tests these hypotheses by 'observation' i.e. empirically
  • Hypothesis testing
    scientific evidence is gathered by demonstrating objectively that a testable statement is either supported or refuted by evidence
  • Manipulation of variables
    to test hypotheses in a valid way + reliable way, the IV and DV must be operationally defined
    only in experiments
  • Control of variables
    essential so that extraneous variables could not account for changes in the DV which would make any apparent effect of the IV invalid
  • Standardisation the use of set procedures for conducting the study + collecting data across different conditions.
    all aspects of the procedure are the same for all Ps so that the procedure can be replicated
  • Quantifiable measurements
    quantifiable measurements (numerical ones) help to ensure that the DV is being assessed in an objective way
  • Pairs
    standardisation = replicability
    manipulation of IV = establish C+E
    quantifiable measurements = objectivity
    quantifiable measurements = replicability
    control over EVs = establish C+E
  • How to answer: Outline how one study from the .... area can be seen as scientific (3)
    1. select a study - state why it is scientific linking to one principle of science + briefly elaborate
    2. example - behaviour + finding if relevant + link to principle
    3. elaborate - why is it scientific + link to the paired principle in the context of the study
  • How to answer: Outline how one study from the ... approach can be seen as scientific (3)
    P - use scientific as a strength + link a scientific principle to elaborate, in context of the approach
    E - bring in a relevant study + link to the scientific principle (only add finding if relevant)
    C - link to the relevant paired scientific principle in context of the approach
  • How is Milgram scientific + unscientific
    SCIENTIFIC
    standardisation
    deductive reasoning
    control of variables
    UNSCIENTIFIC
    can't establish C+E
    no manipulation of IV
  • How is Bocchairo scientific + unscientific
    SCIENTIFC
    standardised
    replicable
    quantifiable measurements
    control of variables
    UNSCIENTIFIC
    no manipulation of IV
    can't establish C+E
  • How is Piliavin scientific + unscientific
    SCIENTIFIC
    standardised
    replicable
    establish C+E
    manipulation of IV
    quantifiable measurements
    UNSCIENTIFIC
    lacks control over EVs
    lack of objectivity due to qualitative data
  • How is Levine scientific + unscientific
    SCIENTIFIC
    quantifiable measurements
    standardised
    replicable
    UNSCIENTIFIC
    lack of control of variables
    can't establish C+E due to correlation
    no manipulation of IV
  • Example Q: Outline how one study from the social area can be seen as scientific (3)
  • Example Q: Outline one strength of the social approach using a core study as evidence
  • How is B+C scientific and unscientific
    SCIENTIFIC
    establishment of cause and effect
    manipulation of variables
    replicability
    standardised
    quantifiable measurements (quantitative data)
    objectivity
    control of variables
  • How is Maguire scientific + unscientific
    SCIENTIFIC
    objectivity (quantitative + MRI)
    quantifiable measurements
    standardisation
    control of EVs
    replicability
    UNSCIENTIFIC
    no manipulation of IV (quasi)
  • How is Sperry scientific and unscientific
    SCIENTIFIC
    control over EVs
    establishment of C+E
    standardisation
    replicability
    UNSCIENTIFIC
    no manipulation of IV
    quantifiable measurements
    objectivity
  • How was Casey scientific + unscientific
    SCIENTIFIC
    establishment of C+E
    quantifiable measurements
    objectivity
    control of EVs
    UNSCIENTIFIC
    no manipulation of IV
    standardisation
    replicability